Different distribution of heat balance parameters and growth strategies of trees in primary and secondary forests in Amazonia

亚马逊流域原始次生林热平衡参数的不同分布及树木生长策略

• 批准号: 14580550
• 负责人: TSUCHIYA Akio
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14580550/
• 关键词: Amazon; treefall gap; microclimate; diurnal fluctuation; vessel; 導管面積率; 導管分布密度; 導管直径; 樹高; 正味放射; 短波放射; 長波放射; ボーエン比

In this study, the growth of trees which had been lightly stressed was investigated in a small treefall gap formed in 1999 (CP, 400 m^2) and a large gap formed in 2001 (CG, 2500 m^2) in a super-canopy-projected lowland forest along the Madeira River of central Amazonia, and the relations to microclimatic parameters at the two sites were examined and compared to a man-made open space. The thickening growth abruptly increased in 1999 at CP, but it decreased gradually during next year. At CG, the growth kept a higher level even after an increase in 2001 than that before the gap formation. At both sites, the percentage of vessel area in stem transection approximately doubled, meaning that the tree height also increased. The downward short-wave radiation, a source of input energy, was CA>CG>CP, and other parameters such as net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, ground surface soil heat flux, and atmospheric and soil temperatures also showed similar phases, however, relative humidity, dew-point temperature, and absolute humidity had a reverse pattern (CA<CG<CP). This is explained by the sky-view factor which says that a small-sized gap with a dense canopy exists in low temperature and high humidity environments with small diurnal fluctuations, whereas an open space with no coverage accompanies in high temperature and low humidity environments during daytime and radiative cooling or easily water-vapor-condensed environments during nighttime with large fluctuations. However, even a small gap is influenced by direct solar radiation, and it works to the advantage of small individuals in the gaps

本研究在1999年形成的一个小型树倒林隙中，对轻度胁迫下的树木生长进行了调查（CP，400 m^2）和2001年形成的大缺口（CG，2500 m^2）位于亚马逊河中部马德拉河沿岸沿着的超级树冠投影低地森林中，并与人工开放空间进行了比较。1999年CP的粗化生长突然增加，但在第二年逐渐减少。在CG，即使在2001年增长之后，增长仍保持高于差距形成之前的水平。在这两个网站，在干横切血管面积的百分比大约增加了一倍，这意味着树的高度也增加了。净辐射、光合有效辐射、地表土壤热通量、大气温度和土壤温度等参数也呈现相似的变化趋势，而相对湿度、露点温度和绝对湿度则呈现相反的变化趋势（CA<CG<CP）。这是由天空景观因素解释的，即在昼夜波动小的低温和高湿度环境中存在具有密集树冠的小尺寸间隙，而在白天的高温和低湿度环境中存在没有覆盖的开放空间，并且在夜间的辐射冷却或容易冷凝的水蒸气环境中存在大波动。然而，即使是很小的间隙也会受到太阳直接辐射的影响，这对间隙中的小个体有利

项目成果

Tsuchiya, A.: "Characterization of varzea and terra firme forests in the Amazon estuary"Tropics. 11・2. 69-79 (2002)

Tsuchiya, A.：“亚马逊河口瓦尔泽亚和陆地森林的特征”11・2（2002 年）。

Tsuchiya, A.: "Comparison of micrometeorological components between dry and rainy seasons m Amazonian dense tropical forests"Papers of the Applied Geography Conferences. 26. 286-296 (2003)

Tsuchiya, A.：“亚马逊茂密热带森林旱季和雨季微气象成分的比较”应用地理学会议论文。

Tsuchiya, A.: "Comparison of micrometeorological components between dry and rainy seasons in Amazonian dense tropical forests"Papers of the Applied Geography Conferences. 26. 286-296 (2003)

Tsuchiya, A.：“亚马逊茂密热带森林干季和雨季微气象成分的比较”应用地理学会议论文。

Tsuchiya, A., A.Tanaka, N.Higuchi: "Responses of juvenile trees to tree fall gaps and changes in microclimates in Amazonian dense lowland rain forest"生態環境研究. (2004)

Tsuchiya, A.、A.Tanaka、N.Higuchi：“亚马逊稠密低地雨林中幼树对树木倒落间隙和小气候变化的反应”生态环境研究（2004 年）。

Tsuchiya, A., P.B.Lisboa: "Tree growth and microclimatic mitigation in Mahogany-Black Pepper Agro-forestry at Parque Ecologico de Gunma, PA, Brazil."Geographycal Review of Japan, Series B. 77・5. 321-335 (2004)

Tsuchiya, A., P.B.Lisboa：“巴西宾夕法尼亚州群马生态公园红木黑胡椒农林业的树木生长和微气候缓解。”日本地理评论，系列 B. 77・5（2004 年） ）