Figurations of Inspiration, Authorization, and Auratization in English Literature

在早期现代英国文学中，神圣化和去神圣化的过程是紧密交织在一起的。迄今为止，它们之间的相互依赖一直被一种世俗化的主流叙事所掩盖，根据这种叙事，文学越来越多地从宗教权威中独立出来。相比之下，该项目将表明，存在一种持续和同时的双向影响：神圣诗歌利用世俗诗歌中发展起来的程序来获得权威（例如，真实的情感表达），而世俗文学追求的授权策略只能在其衍生的神圣概念的背景下理解。因此，诗歌的权威既不同于神圣的权威，又是神圣权威的一种形式。该研究项目的核心问题是：通过将（自我）归属去/神圣化（自我）归属，文学作品的授权以何种方式和在何种（非）文本中发生？在与研究单位的其他项目密切联系的情况下，将从行动学的角度分析具体的数字来调查这些文学非神圣化的过程。这种观点在实践的文学表现（例如祈祷）和社会实践中都表现出来，文学文本与社会实践相结合，并受到社会实践的影响（例如，文学文本的修辞力量）。虽然权威和授权集中表明了去神圣化的过程，但这些过程与文本生产的相关性可以通过激发和协商灵感概念的方式来评估。从灵感隐喻到灵感隐喻的发展不应仅仅等同于去神圣化：隐喻是语言神圣化的一个重要方面，它有助于文学文本的神圣化。该项目的目标将在两个相互关联的领域进行：在早期现代诗歌和戏剧中，权威的归属和假设是通过神圣化和去神圣化的相互依赖的策略来追求的。在诗歌中，这种情况发生了，例如，通过在将缪斯神圣化的同时祈求神圣的合作，通过言语行为的模糊性（诗歌和/作为祈祷），以及通过赋予语言的神秘特质，这些特质既被神圣化，又使诗人能够独立于神圣的经文而获得权威。戏剧同时被概念化，与神圣的服务相对立，并从（自我）神圣化的过程中获得权威。这种双重运动可以在讽喻戏剧的道德和政治权威（从中世纪晚期的道德剧到斯图亚特王朝的宫廷假面舞会）中看到，在舞台上和舞台上所表现的魔法和精神力量的模糊的非神圣化作用，以及戏剧中的对话技巧中看到，通过这些技巧，角色成为更高神圣秩序的不知不觉的喉舌。

In early modern English literature, the focus of this project, processes of sacralization and desacralization are closely intertwined. Their interdependence has hitherto been obscured by a master narrative of secularization, according to which literature increasingly gained independence from religious authority. By contrast, the project will show that there is a constant and simultaneous bi-directional influence: sacred poetry makes use of procedures that were developed in secular poetry in order to gain authority (e.g. the authentic expression of emotion) while secular literature pursues strategies of authorization which can only be understood in the context of the sacred concepts from which they derive. Poetic authority is thus both different from, and a form of, sacred authority. The central question of the research project is: In what manner and in which (con-)texts does the authorization of literary production by de/sacralizing (self-)ascriptions take place? In close connection with the other projects of the research unit, these processes of literary de/sacralization will be investigated by analysing specific figurations in a praxeological perspective. This perspective becomes manifest both in the literary representation of practice (e.g. of prayer) and in the social practise into which literary texts are integrated and which is influenced by them (e.g. by their rhetorical power). While authority and authorization centrally indicate processes of de/sacralization, the relevance of these processes for the production of texts can be assessed by the way in which concepts of inspiration are evoked and negotiated. The development from metaphors of inspiration to inspiration as a metaphor should not be equated with desacralization alone: metaphor is an important aspect of the auratization of language which contributes to the sacralization of literary texts.The aims of the project will be pursued in two interconnected areas: In both early modern poetry and drama, the ascription and assumption of authority are pursued by means of interdependent strategies of sacralization and desacralization. In poetry, this happens e.g. through the invocation of divine cooperation while desacralizing the Muses, through the ambiguity of speech acts (poetry and/as prayer), and through the mystical qualities ascribed to language which is both sacralized and enables the poet to assume authority independent of sacred scripture. Drama is simultaneously conceptualized in opposition to sacred service and derives its authority from processes of (self-)sacralization. This double movement can be seen in the moral and political authority of allegorical theatre (from the late medieval morality play to the Stuart court masque), in the ambiguously de/sacralizing role of magic and spiritual power represented on stage and by the stage, and techniques of dialogue in drama by which the characters become unwitting mouthpieces of a higher, sacred order.