Negotiating Modern Sino-Muslim (Hui) Subjectivities, 1900-1960: Reforming Islam in China

现代中国与穆斯林（回族）主体性的谈判，1900 年至 1960 年：改革中国的伊斯兰教

• 批准号: 461900530
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Markus Dreßler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Religionswissenschaftliches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/461900530?language=en
• 关键词: Negotiating; Modern; Sino; Muslim; Hui

The project focuses on the formation of a modern self-image of Chinese Muslims in the twentieth century. This self-image had to position itself between being a Muslim and a modern Chinese national. Although the intricate tension between Muslim identity and Chinese citizenship has attracted international attention only in recent years in connection with government measures toward the "sinification" of Islam, it has existed since the end of the Qing Dynasty and was intensified by the formation of the Chinese nation-state of the Republic. In the first half of the twentieth century, the question of whether and how the Islamic tradition and modernization could be reconciled was the subject of discussions that are reflected in numerous Sino-Muslim print media. The reconstruction and analysis of these discourses, some of whose themes and patterns of argumentation are still effective today, are at the center of the project.The discussions about a reform of Chinese Islam are only one aspect of a broader discourse about the emergence of a modern Sino-Muslim subjectivity. For us, subjectivity serves as a key analytical term that is used to describe subjective spaces of interpretation and action, habitus, evaluations, self-images, and feelings that are articulated and formed in discourses. Sino-Muslim subjectivities emerged in the twentieth century in a discursive framework that was shaped by local traditions, modernization, national politics, and transnational Islamic networks. The project aims to examine the dynamics arising at the nexus of these factors, and their impact on the formation of modern Muslim subjectivities. In contrast to state-centered approaches, the concept of subjectivity helps us to understand Chinese Muslims not as passively exposed to political developments, but rather to make them visible as actors. In a combination of discourse and network analysis, four thematic areas will be addressed: (1) shifts in the understanding of Islam from a foundation in Sufism and speculative philosophy to scripturalism, with a simultaneous tendency to standardize Muslim practice; 2) creation of a modern habitus and episteme through reforms in education; 3) standardization of gender-specific piety and bodily knowledge; 4) reactions to modern economic rationalities. To this day, these four areas play a constitutive role in the negotiation of Muslim subjectivities in China. Analysis of the debates on these issues during the Chinese Republic is therefore not only of historical interest but will also improve our understanding of contemporary Chinese Muslims, their attitudes towards the Chinese state, and their position within global Islamic discourses.

该项目的重点是20世纪中国穆斯林现代自我形象的形成。这种自我形象的定位必须介于穆斯林和现代中国人之间。尽管穆斯林身份与中国公民身份之间错综复杂的紧张关系直到最近几年才引起国际关注，原因是政府采取措施将伊斯兰教“中国化”，但这种紧张关系自清朝末年就存在，并因中华民国民族国家的形成而加剧。在二十世纪上半叶，伊斯兰传统和现代化是否以及如何调和的问题是许多中国-穆斯林平面媒体反映的讨论主题。对这些话语的重建和分析--其中一些主题和论证模式至今仍然有效--是该项目的核心。关于中国伊斯兰教改革的讨论只是关于现代中国-穆斯林主体性出现的更广泛话语的一个方面。对我们来说，主观性是一个关键的分析术语，用来描述在话语中表达和形成的解释和行动、习性、评价、自我形象和情感的主观空间。中国-穆斯林主体性在20世纪出现在一个由当地传统、现代化、国家政治和跨国伊斯兰网络塑造的话语框架中。该项目旨在研究这些因素相互联系时产生的动态，以及它们对现代穆斯林主体性形成的影响。与以国家为中心的方法不同，主体性的概念帮助我们理解中国穆斯林，而不是被动地暴露在政治发展中，而是让他们像演员一样被人看到。结合话语和网络分析，将讨论四个主题领域：(1)对伊斯兰教的理解从以苏菲主义和思辨哲学为基础向经文主义转变，同时有标准化穆斯林习俗的趋势；(2)通过教育改革创造现代习惯和认识论；(3)针对性别的虔诚和身体知识的标准化；(4)对现代经济理性的反应。直到今天，这四个方面在中国关于穆斯林主体性的谈判中仍起着结构性的作用。因此，分析民国时期关于这些问题的争论不仅具有历史意义，而且有助于我们更好地了解当代中国穆斯林，了解他们对中国国家的态度，以及他们在全球伊斯兰话语中的地位。