'Bartmann goes global' - the cultural impact of an iconic object in the early modern period

“巴特曼走向全球”——现代早期标志性物品的文化影响

• 批准号: AH/Y007611/1
• 负责人: Jacqueline Pearce
• 金额: $ 44.84万
• 依托单位: Museum of London Archaeology
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FY007611%2F1
• 关键词: Bartmann; goes; global; cultural; impact

The most recognizable of all German products of the early modern period, encountered on archaeological sites across the world, is the stoneware container with distinctive male bearded face mask and applied medallions, variously known as the 'greybeard', 'bearded man', Bellarmine or Bartmann jug. Most typical of the Frechen potteries located just outside Cologne in the Rhineland, but also made at other centres in Germany and Belgium, and usually associated with drinking and storing liquids, these vessels form part of a wider market for Rhenish stonewares that dates back to the Middle Ages. The distinctive Bartmann form was produced in huge quantities: estimates of the production volumes at Frechen, based on 17th-century records for clay extraction, propose 539.000 to 1.360.000 vessels per year. Most were specifically made for export, mainly to England or the Netherlands, and they are found in a wide range of archaeological contexts, mainly dating to c. 1500-1750, in major urban centres such as London and Amsterdam, on smaller sites and in shipwrecks. As a result of colonial expansion they were carried across the world, occurring in early European settlements such as Jamestown, Virginia. By gathering together and interpreting 'big data' and drawing on scientific analyses, this project aims to expand our understanding of this highly significant and iconic artefact in a new international, integrated, interdisciplinary and interactive project to advance the frontiers of Bartmann research not only in north-west Europe but on a global scale.The central objective of the project is, by studying the relationships between producer/source, market and consumer and the range of cultural contexts in which Rhenish stonewares are found c. 1500-1750, to achieve a broader academic, professional and public understanding of the importance of the Bartmann jug across the globe. This would position it as a resource for understanding technological development, cultural significance, means of communication, trade and globalisation in early modern Europe. The main aims and objectives of the project will be achieved by means of bespoke work packages focussing on six key empirical objectives - to carry out a thorough review of archive sources; to establish a definitive terminology and typochronology; to establish fabric characterisation of Rhenish and English stoneware; to establish the social and cultural impact of the Bartmann; to establish the impact of Rhenish stoneware on ceramic innovation/adaptation; to establish the role of the Bartmann in global trade and consumption. We will be examining trade connections in NW Europe and Britain, in the N American colonies, from various shipwreck sites and worldwide, in Africa, south America and south-east Asia. This will result in a major publication in a single open access volume of up to 150.000 words in English, as part of the MOLA Monograph Series; a series of articles in international academic peer-reviewed journals with open access; a handbook on the evolution of Bartmann jugs; a PhD; and an international conference. We will actively involve Citizen Scientists, disseminate our project via a project website with a crowdsourced online database, connect with museum audiences and practitioner groups, and advertise the project via our institutions' social media channels and in articles for non-academic titles.The research proposed and its aims and objectives will be realised through partnership built between researchers across a range of subject areas and professional settings in the United Kingdom and Germany, primarily MOLA and German academics from LVR-LMB, LVR-ABR, Tübingen University and the University of Bonn. The application will be further shaped and developed in partnership with other German museums and with museums, historians and archaeologists elsewhere in Europe and beyond (e.g. in Virginia, USA).

在世界各地的考古遗址上，现代早期所有德国产品中最知名的是带有独特的男性胡须面具和应用奖章的石器容器，被称为“灰胡子”，“胡须人”，贝拉明或巴特曼壶。大多数典型的Frechen陶器位于莱茵兰的科隆外，但也在德国和比利时的其他中心制造，通常与饮用和储存液体有关，这些容器形成了更广泛的莱茵石陶器市场的一部分，可以追溯到中世纪。独特的巴特曼型被大量生产：根据17世纪的粘土开采记录，估计弗雷申的产量为每年539，000至1，360，000艘。大多数是专门为出口而制作的，主要是出口到英格兰或荷兰，它们在广泛的考古背景下被发现，主要可以追溯到公元前。1500-1750年，在主要的城市中心，如伦敦和阿姆斯特丹，在较小的网站和沉船。由于殖民扩张，它们被带到世界各地，出现在早期的欧洲定居点，如弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。通过收集和解释“大数据”，并利用科学分析，该项目旨在通过一个新的国际性、综合性、跨学科和互动性项目，扩大我们对这一高度重要和标志性人工制品的理解，不仅在西北欧，而且在全球范围内推进巴特曼研究的前沿。该项目的中心目标是，通过研究生产者/来源之间的关系，市场和消费者和文化背景的范围内，其中莱茵石器被发现c。1500-1750年，以实现更广泛的学术，专业和公众的理解的重要性，巴特曼壶在地球仪。这将使其成为了解现代早期欧洲技术发展，文化意义，通信手段，贸易和全球化的资源。该项目的主要目的和目标将通过定制的工作包实现，重点是六个关键的经验性目标-对档案来源进行彻底审查;确定明确的术语和印刷年代学;确定莱茵和英国石器的织物特征;确定巴特曼的社会和文化影响;确定莱茵石陶器对陶瓷创新/适应的影响;确定巴特曼在全球贸易和消费中的作用。我们将研究在西北欧洲和英国，在北美殖民地，从各种沉船遗址和世界各地，在非洲，南美洲和东南亚的贸易联系。这将导致一个主要出版物在一个单一的开放获取量高达150.000字的英语，作为MOLA专论系列的一部分;在国际学术同行评审期刊上的一系列文章与开放获取;关于巴特曼壶的演变手册;博士学位;和一次国际会议。我们将积极参与公民科学家，通过一个项目网站与众包在线数据库传播我们的项目，与博物馆观众和从业者团体联系，并通过我们机构的社交媒体渠道和非文章宣传该项目，学术头衔。建议的研究及其目的和目标将通过跨学科领域和专业环境的研究人员之间建立的伙伴关系来实现，联合王国和德国，主要是法律事务部和来自LVR-LMB、LVR-ABR、蒂宾根大学和波恩大学的德国学者。该应用程序将与德国其他博物馆以及欧洲其他地方的博物馆，历史学家和考古学家（例如美国弗吉尼亚州）合作进一步塑造和开发。