Addressee in syntax

语法中的收件人

• 批准号: 462000466
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hedde Zeijlstra, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Seminar für Englische Philologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/462000466?language=en
• 关键词: Addressee; syntax

In view of two empirical phenomena: (i) allocutivity, and (ii) imperatives with a 2nd person (2P) subject, recent literature argues that the utterance addressee is represented syntax-internally. However, the addressee representations underlying each of the phenomena differ. Allocutivity, defined as verbal agreement with the addressee, underlies an argumental representation of the addressee located in the speech act phrase labeled as the Adr (Miyagawa 2012). In contrast, imperatives host a Jussive Phrase, which encodes the addressee via a 2P feature and is restricted to imperative clauses only (Zanuttini 2008). This project aims to understand why these two phenomena, both of which involve syntactic reference to the addressee, should be analyzed differently. With the goal of providing an account of the addressee in syntax, this project asks the following question: how specific is the notion of addressee in imperatives, and can it be unified with the freely available Adr, also responsible for allocutivity? To this end, we begin with examining subjunctive directives. Subjunctive directives challenge the syntactic-encoding of the addressee in at least two ways: first, they can occur with 1P/3P subjects, which do not provide any (binding/agreement related) syntactic evidence instantiating the addressee, and secondly, they manifest so-called ‘wish’-readings, which do not require the addressee to act or even be present. The limited empirical and theoretical coverage received by these directives warrants an extended survey to determine if all directives encode a construction-specific Jussive Phrase in syntax. If the above examination signals weakened support for the Jussive Phrase, it would also require an alternative analysis of addressee-related properties of 2P subject imperatives. It is therefore essential that we understand the constraints on variation with respect to the position and nature of the clause-type-free Adr in syntax. Since allocutivity is directly indicative of the Adr, we plan to conduct a cross-linguistic examination of allocutivity with focus on its (i) featural composition, (ii) relation with 2P pronouns in the main clause, and (iii) distribution in embedded clauses, to build a theory of allocutivity, and through this, of the Adr. These findings will be employed to explain addressee-restriction in imperatives, which in turn allows us to provide a (unified) account for the addressee in syntax.

鉴于两个经验现象：（i）述及性，（ii）第二人称（2 P）主语的祈使句，最近的文献认为，话语听话人表示句法内部。然而，每一种现象背后的受众表征都是不同的。倾诉性是指与受话人达成的口头协议，是受话人在Adr言语行为短语中的论证性表征的基础（Miyagawa 2012）。相比之下，祈使句拥有一个判断短语，它通过2 P特征对收信人进行编码，并且仅限于祈使句（Zanuttini 2008）。这两种现象都涉及到对受话人的句法指称，本项目旨在理解为什么要对这两种现象进行不同的分析。本项目的目标是在句法上对受话人进行解释，提出以下问题：祈使句中受话人的概念有多具体，它能否与自由使用的Adr（也负责述语性）统一起来？ 为此，我们开始检查虚拟指令。虚拟指示语至少以两种方式挑战了收信人的句法编码：首先，它们可以与1 P/3 P主语一起出现，这不提供任何（约束/协议相关的）句法证据来实例化收信人;其次，它们表现出所谓的“愿望”解读，这不需要收信人采取行动，甚至不需要在场。有限的经验和理论的覆盖面收到这些指令值得一个扩展的调查，以确定是否所有的指令编码一个建设特定的判断短语的句法。 如果上述研究表明对述事短语的支持减弱，那么还需要对2 P主语祈使句的受话者相关属性进行另一种分析。因此，我们有必要了解无小句类型Adr在句法中的位置和性质对变异的限制。由于他言性是Adr的直接指示语，我们计划对他言性进行跨语言考察，重点关注他言性的（i）特征组成，（ii）与主句中2 P代词的关系，（iii）在嵌入句中的分布，以建立一个他言性理论，并通过这个理论，Adr。这些发现将被用来解释祈使句中的受话限制，从而使我们能够在句法上对受话提供一个统一的解释。