Evaluation and dissemination of evidence-based health information about the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity

通过MEDLINE搜索，我们检索并回顾了关于运动和体育活动对糖尿病、高血压和恶性肿瘤的有效性的英文文章。糖尿病（1985年至2003年的随机对照试验）三个大型试验表明，积极的生活方式降低了2型糖尿病的发病率。23篇文章中有14篇报道了运动组与对照组相比HbAlc水平显著降低。高血压（2000 - 2004年随机对照试验）在21篇文章中，有12篇文章显示了运动对血压的有益作用。但运动的效果要弱于利尿剂和减钠饮食的效果。恶性肿瘤（2000年至2004年的前瞻性队列研究）7篇文章中有4篇表明，体育锻炼的人癌症死亡率较低。积极的生活方式与乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌和胰腺癌的风险呈负相关。关于运动与前列腺癌、卵巢癌、肾细胞癌和膀胱癌风险之间的关系，研究结果并不一致。

Through MEDLINE searches, we retrieved and reviewed English-language articles about the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity on diabetes mellitus, hypertension and malignant neoplasm.1.Diabetes mellitus (randomized controlled trials between 1985 and 2003)Three mega trials revealed that active life style reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Fourteen out of 23 articles reported that HbAlc levels were significantly decreased in exercise group compared to control group.2.Hypertension (randomized controlled trials between 2000 and 2004)There were 12 articles that showed the beneficial effect of exercise on blood pressure among 21 articles. But the effects of exercise were weaker than those of diuretics and dietary sodium reduction.3.Malignant neoplasm (prospective cohort studies between 2000 and 2004)Four out of 7 articles showed that those who were physically active had lower cancer mortality. Inverse relationships were observed between active life style and risks for breast, colorectal, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers. The results were inconsistent about the associations of physical activity with risks of prostate, ovarian, renal cell, and bladder cancers.