Study on the Effect of Acid Snow and Acid Rain on the Ecosystem and Soils

酸雪、酸雨对生态系统和土壤的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
15510024
负责人：
AOYAMA Kiyomichi
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15510024/
关键词：
acid snow (rain)pH adsorption on ice surface sulfate, phosphate, ammonium ions Langmuir adsorption isotherm pH of soils acidified soils dissolved elements 酸性雪酸性雨吸着硫酸イオン硝酸イオン不純物ザラメ雪

项目摘要

1)Acidic anions might be preferentially eluted first from the packed granular snow in the snowmelt season. The ions were transferred to a lower layer from the upper layer due to snowmelt or rain in early spring, and a portion of the melted water containing a large amount of ions is eluted first. In order to enhance the elution of sulfate ions from ice, spheres formed of sulfate-containing water were examined, and melting experiments were performed. The results of the melting experiment using a column showed higher concentrations of sulfate ions in the effluent drained first and lower concentrations in the later effluent. When using the solvent for melting experiment, the distribution of sulfate in an ice sphere was found with a biased curve.2)The adsorption phenomena of phosphate or ammonium ions on the surface of ice crystals were experimentally examined. The amounts adsorbed immediately after the establishment of a quasi-equilibrium state obeyed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Therefore, it was suggested that the adsorption phenomena of the impurities on the ice surface caused the biased distribution and should probably be a significant factor in freeze separations.3)The pH of the rain and snow falling in Niigata Prefecture has been found to be 4.6 on average. Most of the rain and snow in this area is considered ‘acidic, it must have an effect on the area s soils. In this study, the present state of soils gathered from mainly Niigata Prefecture was examined by the measurement of pH and the chemical analysis of dissolved elements from the soils. As a result of the experimental study, it was found that soil had become slightly acidified, and aluminum and manganese ions dissolve only slightly out of non-acidified soils, while they dissolve easily out of acidified soils.

1）在融雪季节，酸性阴离子可能首先从挤满的颗粒雪中洗脱。由于早春融雪或雨水，将离子从上层转移到下层，并且首先洗脱了一部分含有大量离子的融化水。为了增强硫酸盐离子从冰中洗脱，检查了由含硫酸盐水的球形成的球，并进行了熔化实验。使用柱的熔化实验的结果显示，在后来有效的有效排水的第一和较低浓度中，硫酸盐离子较高。当使用溶液进行熔化实验时，通过偏置曲线发现了硫酸盐在冰球中的分布。2）实验检查了冰晶表面上磷酸盐或铵离子的添加吸附现象。建立准平衡状态后立即吸附的量遵循了Langmuir的吸附等温线。因此，有人提出，冰表面上杂质的吸附现象引起了偏见的分布，并且可能是冻结分离的重要因素。3）尼加塔县的雨水和雪的pH值平均为4.6。该地区的大部分雨水被认为是“酸性的，它必须对区域的土壤产生影响。在这项研究中，通过测量pH和从土壤中溶解的元素进行化学分析，检查了主要是从尼加塔县收集的土壤状态。由于实验研究的结果，发现土壤已经略有酸化，铝和锰离子仅溶解在非酸化的土壤中，而它们易于从酸化的土壤中溶解。