Study on the Effect of Acid Snow and Acid Rain on the Ecosystem and Soils

1)酸性阴离子可能会优先洗脱第一次从包装颗粒雪在融雪季节。由于早春的融雪或降雨，离子从上层转移到下层，含有大量离子的一部分融水首先被洗脱。为了提高硫酸根离子从冰中的洗脱，检查由含硫酸根的水形成的球，并进行熔化实验。使用柱的熔融实验的结果显示，在先排出的流出物中硫酸根离子的浓度较高，在后排出的流出物中硫酸根离子的浓度较低。用该溶剂进行融化实验时，发现硫酸根在冰球中的分布具有偏态曲线。2）实验研究了磷酸根和铵离子在冰晶表面的吸附现象。准平衡状态建立后立即吸附的量服从Langmuir吸附等温线。因此，杂质在冰面上的吸附现象可能是造成这种分布偏差的一个重要因素。3）新泻县降雨和降雪的pH值平均为4.6。这个地区的大部分雨雪被认为是酸性的，它肯定会对该地区的土壤产生影响。在这项研究中，从主要新泻县收集的土壤的现状进行了检查，从土壤中的pH值和溶解元素的化学分析的测量。实验研究的结果发现，土壤已经轻微酸化，铝和锰离子在非酸化土壤中仅轻微溶解，而在酸化土壤中则容易溶解。

1)Acidic anions might be preferentially eluted first from the packed granular snow in the snowmelt season. The ions were transferred to a lower layer from the upper layer due to snowmelt or rain in early spring, and a portion of the melted water containing a large amount of ions is eluted first. In order to enhance the elution of sulfate ions from ice, spheres formed of sulfate-containing water were examined, and melting experiments were performed. The results of the melting experiment using a column showed higher concentrations of sulfate ions in the effluent drained first and lower concentrations in the later effluent. When using the solvent for melting experiment, the distribution of sulfate in an ice sphere was found with a biased curve.2)The adsorption phenomena of phosphate or ammonium ions on the surface of ice crystals were experimentally examined. The amounts adsorbed immediately after the establishment of a quasi-equilibrium state obeyed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Therefore, it was suggested that the adsorption phenomena of the impurities on the ice surface caused the biased distribution and should probably be a significant factor in freeze separations.3)The pH of the rain and snow falling in Niigata Prefecture has been found to be 4.6 on average. Most of the rain and snow in this area is considered ‘acidic, it must have an effect on the area s soils. In this study, the present state of soils gathered from mainly Niigata Prefecture was examined by the measurement of pH and the chemical analysis of dissolved elements from the soils. As a result of the experimental study, it was found that soil had become slightly acidified, and aluminum and manganese ions dissolve only slightly out of non-acidified soils, while they dissolve easily out of acidified soils.