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Study on the effect of acid snow and rain on the ecosystem and structure

酸雪雨对生态系统和结构的影响研究

基本信息

批准号：
13680621
负责人：
AOYAMA Kiyomichi
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
NIIGATA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13680621/
关键词：
acid rain acid snow pH soil acidification KCl Aluminium Acid Shock

项目摘要

Evaluation of Acidified Soils in Terms of pH and Dissolved ElementsThe influence of acid rain on soils has not been largely recognized in Japan, though the pH of the rain and snow falling in Niigata Prefecture has been found to be 4.6 on average. Since most of the rain and snow in this area is considered 'acidic', it must have an effect on the area's soils. In this study, the present state of soils gathered from mainly Niigata Prefecture was examined by the measurement of pH and the chemical analysis of dissolved elements from the soils. Attention was paid to the degree of soils acidification, i. e., the degree in which acidification has proceeded. As a result of this experimental study, it was determined that soil had become slightly acidified, and aluminum and manganese, which effect tree roots, dissolve only slightly out of non-acidified soils, while they dissolve easily out of acidified soils.Elution Phenomena of Acidic Ions from Granular Snow and Spherical IceIn the field of freez … More e separation, there have been few studies regarding the separation of solutes by forming ice spheres from the solution and melting them. In order to enhance the elution of sulfate ions from ice, spheres formed of sulfate-containing water were examined, and melting experiments were performed. First, ice spheres containing sulfate ions were packed in a column and melted, the concentration of sulfate ions in the drained effluent was then measured. The ice spheres were formed using two different methods. In the first method, a plastic mold having spherical holes of 18.0 mm diameter was used. The mold was refrigerated for 12 h in order to form spherical ice crystals. The other method involved the formation of falling droplets of the solution through a refrigerant controlled at about -30℃ and rapidly freezing them. The ice spheres formed in this way had an average diameter of 3.5 mm. Second, the ice spheres including sulfate were melted from the surface to the center in a glass vessel filled with an organic solvent and the change in the concentration of sulfate due to the melting was measured and the sulfate distribution in the sphere was estimated. In this experiment, the ice spheres having a diameter of 18.0 mm were melted. Less

根据pH值和溶解元素评价酸化土壤在日本，酸雨对土壤的影响还没有得到很大的认识，尽管新泻县的降雨和降雪的pH值平均为4.6。由于这一地区的大部分雨雪被认为是“酸性”的，它肯定会对该地区的土壤产生影响。在这项研究中，从主要新泻县收集的土壤的现状进行了检查，从土壤中的pH值和溶解元素的化学分析的测量。土壤酸化程度是影响土壤肥力的重要因素。例如，酸化进行的程度。试验结果表明，土壤已发生轻度酸化，影响树根的铝和锰在非酸化土壤中仅发生轻度溶出，而在酸化土壤中易溶出。粒状雪和球形冰中酸性离子的溶出现象 ...更多信息在分离方面，很少有关于通过从溶液中形成冰球并将其融化来分离溶质的研究。为了提高硫酸根离子从冰中的洗脱，检查由含硫酸根的水形成的球，并进行熔化实验。首先，将含有硫酸根离子的冰球填充在柱中并融化，然后测量排出的流出物中硫酸根离子的浓度。冰球是用两种不同的方法形成的。在第一种方法中，使用具有直径为18.0mm的球形孔的塑料模具。将模具冷藏12小时以形成球形冰晶。另一种方法涉及通过控制在约-30℃的制冷剂形成溶液的下落液滴并迅速冷冻它们。这样形成的冰球的平均直径为3.5mm。第二，在填充有有机溶剂的玻璃容器中，使含有硫酸盐的冰球从表面向中心熔融，测定由熔融引起的硫酸盐浓度的变化，推测球内的硫酸盐分布。在该实验中，融化了直径为18.0mm的冰球。少