Study on the effect of acid snow and rain on the ecosystem and structure

酸雨对土壤的影响在日本还没有得到广泛的认识，尽管新泻县雨雪的pH值平均为4.6。由于该地区的大部分雨雪都被认为是“酸性的”，它一定对该地区的土壤有影响。在本研究中，通过测量pH值和土壤中溶解元素的化学分析，检查了主要从新泻县收集的土壤的现状。注意土壤酸化的程度，即酸化进行的程度。本实验研究结果表明，土壤已轻微酸化，影响树根的铝和锰在非酸化土壤中仅轻微溶解，而在酸化土壤中则容易溶解。颗粒状雪和球形冰中酸性离子的洗脱现象在冷冻分离领域，通过在溶液中形成冰球并将其融化来分离溶质的研究很少。为了提高硫酸盐离子从冰上的洗脱，研究了含硫酸盐水形成的球，并进行了融化实验。首先，将含有硫酸盐离子的冰球装入柱中并熔化，然后测量排出的废水中硫酸盐离子的浓度。这些冰球是用两种不同的方法形成的。在第一种方法中，使用直径为18.0 mm的球形孔的塑料模具。将模具冷藏12小时以形成球形冰晶。另一种方法是通过控制在-30℃左右的制冷剂使溶液形成滴状并迅速冻结。以这种方式形成的冰球平均直径为3.5毫米。其次，在装有有机溶剂的玻璃容器中，将含硫酸盐的冰球从表面融化到中心，测量了融化过程中硫酸盐浓度的变化，并估计了硫酸盐在球中的分布。在本实验中，融化了直径为18.0 mm的冰球。少

Evaluation of Acidified Soils in Terms of pH and Dissolved ElementsThe influence of acid rain on soils has not been largely recognized in Japan, though the pH of the rain and snow falling in Niigata Prefecture has been found to be 4.6 on average. Since most of the rain and snow in this area is considered 'acidic', it must have an effect on the area's soils. In this study, the present state of soils gathered from mainly Niigata Prefecture was examined by the measurement of pH and the chemical analysis of dissolved elements from the soils. Attention was paid to the degree of soils acidification, i. e., the degree in which acidification has proceeded. As a result of this experimental study, it was determined that soil had become slightly acidified, and aluminum and manganese, which effect tree roots, dissolve only slightly out of non-acidified soils, while they dissolve easily out of acidified soils.Elution Phenomena of Acidic Ions from Granular Snow and Spherical IceIn the field of freez … More e separation, there have been few studies regarding the separation of solutes by forming ice spheres from the solution and melting them. In order to enhance the elution of sulfate ions from ice, spheres formed of sulfate-containing water were examined, and melting experiments were performed. First, ice spheres containing sulfate ions were packed in a column and melted, the concentration of sulfate ions in the drained effluent was then measured. The ice spheres were formed using two different methods. In the first method, a plastic mold having spherical holes of 18.0 mm diameter was used. The mold was refrigerated for 12 h in order to form spherical ice crystals. The other method involved the formation of falling droplets of the solution through a refrigerant controlled at about -30℃ and rapidly freezing them. The ice spheres formed in this way had an average diameter of 3.5 mm. Second, the ice spheres including sulfate were melted from the surface to the center in a glass vessel filled with an organic solvent and the change in the concentration of sulfate due to the melting was measured and the sulfate distribution in the sphere was estimated. In this experiment, the ice spheres having a diameter of 18.0 mm were melted. Less