Economic Liberalization and Mill Workers in India : A Sociological Study of Household Strategies on a Long-term Basis

在本研究中，我们(1)验证了帮助因经济政策转变而失业的城镇失业人员适应新生活的措施；(2)考察了失业者在制定长期生活计划方面的重要观点；(3)考虑需要哪些政策来支持这些措施。我们对印度孟买的工厂工人进行了实地调查，发现：(1)失业者面临的问题因失业过程的性质而异。这一过程对失业者的经济状况、失业后的感受以及再就业的动机都有很大的影响。(2)没有在正规部门工作经验的长期城市贫民与最近才在正规部门失去工作的新城市贫民在愿意到非正规部门工作方面有很大差别。因此，对“穷人”内部的这种差异进行分析是必要的，因为这种差异对他们再就业的动机影响很大。(3)公司和工会必须履行其社会责任，以弥补印度公共安全网络体系的不足。在认识到(1)和(2)中提到的情况后，有必要提供社会服务，以提高工人对就业机会的意愿和动机。

In this study we (1)verified measures to help the urban unemployed who had lost their jobs because of shifts in economic policy adapt to new lives ; (2)examined the perspectives important to the unemployed in developing their own life plans on a long-term basis ; and (3)considered what policies are needed to support the measures. We conducted fieldwork on mill workers in Mumbai, India, and found that :(1)The problems with which the unemployed were faced varied depending on the nature of the job loss process. This process had a great impact on financial status, how the unemployed felt about being out of a job, and their motivation for reemployment.(2)There was a big difference in willingness towards working in the informal sector between the chronically urban poor who have no experience in working in the formal sector, and the newly urban poor who had lost their jobs in the formal sector only recently. Therefore, analyses of such difference within the "poor" are necessary, because the differences affect greatly on their motivation for reemployment.(3)Companies and trade unions must meet their social responsibilities in order to make up for the insufficient public safety net system in India.In recognizing the situations mentioned in (1) and (2), there is a need to provide social services to enhance workers' willingness and motivation for employment opportunities.