A Theoretical Study for the Formulation of Community Care-ethics based on the Trends of the Socialization of Care

2000年在日本推出的公共护理保险计划，让老年人比以前有更多的机会利用社会福利制度。但是，护理人员短缺成为老年护理的一个问题。本文从社区关怀的社会化趋势出发，对社区关怀伦理学的构建进行了理论研究，试图为社区关怀提供一个哲学基础，并分析一个挂在每个人嘴边的口号--“关怀维护老年人的尊严”。在本研究的前言中，我参考了康德的哲学和当代的环境争论。以下四点是本研究的结果。对仁爱的批判是志愿者参与社区关怀的必要条件，因为没有批判的仁爱会诱使志愿者自满，并给受助者带来问题。康德对实践理性与纯粹实践理性的严格区分，为批判提供了一个有效的标准。维护老年人的尊严在德语中是“jemanden fuer voll zu nehman”，即把任何人作为一个整体来看待，这是你无法理解的。要维护服务对象的尊严，社区成员应该创造一个环境，在这个环境中，护理人员可以感受到自己的尊严，因为一个人首先感觉到自己的尊严。社区关爱和社区关爱伦理是营造社区关爱环境的必要条件。当社区关怀伦理只有一种外在的强制时，它就失去了道德。为了抛开这一顾虑，采用康德所倡导的“对自己的责任”的观点是恰当的。

The public nursing care insurance program, which was introduced in Japan in 2000, gave the elderly more opportunities to make use of the social-welfare system than before. But a shortage of care staff emerges as a problem of the elderly care. One therefore expects volunteers will participate in community-based care.In this theoretical study for the formulation of community care-ethics based on the trends of the socialization of care I attempt to provide a philosophical basis for community care, and analyze a slogan, which is on everybody's lips, "care to maintain the dignity of the elderly". I make reference to the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and contemporary environmental debates in the prosecution of this study.The following four points are Listed as the results of this study.1. A critique of benevolence is requisite for volunteers' participation in community care, because the benevolence without critique lulls volunteers into complacency and raises problems on the side of clients. The hard distinction between practical reason and pure practical reason, which Kant made, provides an available criterion for the critique.2. To maintain the dignity of the elderly is "jemanden fuer voll zu nehmen" in German, i. e. to take anyone as a whole, which you can't understand.3. To maintain the dignity of a client members of a community should create an environment, in which care staffs can feel their own dignity, because one feels firstly one's own dignity. The community care and the community care-ethics are requisite to establish that environment.4. When the community care-ethics has only an external imposition, it loses its morality. In order to cast aside this concern it is appropriate to adopt an idea, "duties to oneself, which Kant advocated.