On Both Advanced and Conservative Characteristics of Buddhist Art during Eastern Wei and Northen Qi Dynasty Periods in China

本研究（2003-4“论中国东魏北方时期佛教艺术的先进性与保守性”）的目的是阐明东魏北方时期，尤其是后半期（550-557年），邺及其周边地区佛教艺术的各种趋势。据了解，响堂山石窟是这一群石窟中最早的一个，也是北方齐石窟中最具代表性的一个，佛教艺术在这一地区的强大影响下繁荣起来，但本研究重新审视了北石窟对这一时期佛教艺术的绝对统治地位。这表明，邺南都城地区所建寺庙的雕塑艺术风格与一般邺地石窟艺术有着明显的差异。另一方面，出土的北方齐时期雕塑， ...更多信息 山东青州龙兴寺藏窟的藏窟，无论是风格还是类型，都表现出明显的独特性，既不同于北窟，也不同于南都。山西地区的佛教雕塑虽然深受叶圣陶的影响，但也形成了自己独特的风格。此外，石窟艺术与京城地区、邺地与北方境内其他地区的石窟艺术也有很大的差异。这种差异主要取决于他们如何传承自北方后期及以后的佛教传统，以及如何应对印度和东南亚的外来影响。通过本研究，我们认为佛教雕塑创作的不同目的，以及不同地区雕塑的鲜明特征，都可以被揭示出来，并呈现出这一特定时期佛教艺术的整体形象。虽然部分是重建的。少

The purpose of this research (The 2003-4 "On Both Advanced and Conservative Characteristics of Buddhist Art during Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasty Periods in China") is to clarify various trends in Buddhist art in and around the capital city of Ye during the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties, focusing especially on the latter half of this period (550-557). It has been understood that the Xiangtangshan Grottoes, or the North Cave, the earliest of all the caves in this group, was the most representative, in style, of all of the Northern Qi caves, and the Buddhist art flourished under the strong influence of this cave in this area.This research, however, re-examined the absolute supremacy of the North Cave over the Buddhist art of this period. It suggested the obvious difference in the style of sculptural art of the temples built in the Southern Capital area of Ye when compared to the cave art of the general Ye area. On the other hand, the Northern Qi-period sculptures excavated f … More rom the hidden storage hole of the Longxing Temple of Qingzhou, Shandong Province, show a distinctly unique characteristics, both in style and type, which are different from those of both the North Cave or the Southern Capital. It has also become clear that the Buddhist sculpture of Shanxi area had created the type of its own, even though it was heavily influenced by that of Ye. Moreover, it has become clear that the differences are great between the arts of the caves and the capital area, and between those of Ye and other parts within the Northern Qi territory. And such differences depended on how they transmitted the tradition from and after the late Northern Wei dynasty period, and how they responded to the outside influences from India and Southeast Asia.Through this research, we believe the various purposes in creation of Buddhist sculptures, and the distinctive characteristics of sculptures in different areas were revealed, and the overall image of the Buddhist art of this particular period, though partly, was re-established. Less