On Both Advanced and Conservative Characteristics of Buddhist Art during Eastern Wei and Northen Qi Dynasty Periods in China

本研究(2003年至2004年“中国东魏北齐时期佛教艺术的先进性与保守性”)旨在厘清东魏北齐都城及周边地区佛教艺术在东魏北齐时期(550年至557年)的各种趋势，尤其是这一时期的后半段。据了解，在北齐的所有石窟中，最早的香塘山石窟在风格上是最具代表性的，佛教艺术在这一地区的强烈影响下蓬勃发展。然而，本文重新审视了北石窟在这一时期的佛教艺术中的绝对优势。这表明，与一般叶地区的洞穴艺术相比，南都叶地区建造的寺庙在雕塑艺术风格上有明显的不同。另一方面，…出土的北齐时期雕塑从山东青州隆兴寺的隐藏洞来看，无论是在风格还是类型上，都表现出了明显的独特特征，既不同于北洞，也不同于南都。很明显，山西地区的佛教雕塑已经创造了自己的类型，尽管它受到了叶诗文的很大影响。此外，很明显，石窟与京城地区的艺术，以及叶氏与北齐境内其他地区的艺术，都存在着很大的差异。而这种差异取决于他们如何传承北魏后期的传统，以及如何应对来自印度和东南亚的外来影响。通过这一研究，我们相信，佛教雕塑创作的不同目的和不同地区雕塑的鲜明特点，虽然是局部的，但也重建了这一特定时期佛教艺术的整体形象。较少

The purpose of this research (The 2003-4 "On Both Advanced and Conservative Characteristics of Buddhist Art during Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasty Periods in China") is to clarify various trends in Buddhist art in and around the capital city of Ye during the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties, focusing especially on the latter half of this period (550-557). It has been understood that the Xiangtangshan Grottoes, or the North Cave, the earliest of all the caves in this group, was the most representative, in style, of all of the Northern Qi caves, and the Buddhist art flourished under the strong influence of this cave in this area.This research, however, re-examined the absolute supremacy of the North Cave over the Buddhist art of this period. It suggested the obvious difference in the style of sculptural art of the temples built in the Southern Capital area of Ye when compared to the cave art of the general Ye area. On the other hand, the Northern Qi-period sculptures excavated f … More rom the hidden storage hole of the Longxing Temple of Qingzhou, Shandong Province, show a distinctly unique characteristics, both in style and type, which are different from those of both the North Cave or the Southern Capital. It has also become clear that the Buddhist sculpture of Shanxi area had created the type of its own, even though it was heavily influenced by that of Ye. Moreover, it has become clear that the differences are great between the arts of the caves and the capital area, and between those of Ye and other parts within the Northern Qi territory. And such differences depended on how they transmitted the tradition from and after the late Northern Wei dynasty period, and how they responded to the outside influences from India and Southeast Asia.Through this research, we believe the various purposes in creation of Buddhist sculptures, and the distinctive characteristics of sculptures in different areas were revealed, and the overall image of the Buddhist art of this particular period, though partly, was re-established. Less