Ancient Japanese Waka and songs of Amami and Okinawa islands - a Comparative Study

古代日本和歌与奄美和冲绳群岛的歌曲 - 比较研究

• 批准号: 15520126
• 负责人: MASHIMO Atsushi
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: Ritsumeikan University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15520126/
• 关键词: Ancient Japanese Waka; Songs of Amami and Okinawa islands; Comparative Study; 古代和歌; 奄美島歌; トゥバラーマ; 歌の生態; 大原今城; 風流侍従; 沖縄歌謡; 声の歌; ライフ・ヒストリー

Ancient Japanese waka was always recited aloud, even when its creator or reader was alone. It was naturally so before people began to write waka on paper, and so it was after. The oral aspect is thus extremely important for an understanding of how waka - a predominantly oral art - was created and then passed down from generation to generation. Still, due to the fact that research on waka was mainly based on ancient manuscripts, the oral aspect has been largely neglected.This paper will address this problem by combining the findings of research on both written texts and on oral tradition. Based on ethnographical study of songs of Amami and Okinawa Islands, it will construct a theory explaining how these songs are created and then transmitted within the community. Finally, the author will use a comparative method to address the problem of ancient Japanese waka.The subject of the first section, "Life and works of Ohara no Imaki" is the son of Sakurai no Okimi - one of creators of Man'yoshu. Ohara was noted for his poetic ability to compose waka during banquets, and recite numerous waka which were composed before his time. It should be stressed that such ability was most probably embodied at an early age.The second section, "The Life Histories of "Utasha" : An Ethnography of Songs in the Amami Islands", will analyze the life histories of Amami Islands singers and discuss the process by which they master and embody their art. It will be argued that this process is directly linked to the ways in which waka poets learned waka in ancient times.The third section, "Tubarama - songs and singers of Yaeyama Islands", discusses the methods of song composition of tubarama and also the problem of singers' individuality. This discussion is also linked to ancient waka.

即使在创造者或读者独自一人的时候，古老的日本瓦卡总是大声朗诵。自然是如此，在人们开始在纸上写瓦卡之前，那之后就这样了。因此，口头方面对于理解Waka（主要是口头艺术）如何创建并代代相传的方式非常重要。尽管如此，由于对Waka的研究主要是基于古老的手稿，因此口头方面已被大大忽视。本文将通过结合有关书面文本和口头传统的研究结果来解决此问题。基于对Amami和冲绳群岛歌曲的民族志研究，它将构建一个理论，解释这些歌曲是如何创建并在社区中传播的。最后，作者将使用一种比较方法来解决古老的日本Waka的问题。第一部分“ Ohara no Imaki的生活与作品”的主题是Sakurai No Okimi的儿子 - Man'yoshu的创造者之一。奥哈拉（Ohara）因在宴会期间在宴会上撰写瓦卡（Waka）的诗意而被闻名，并背诵了许多瓦卡（Waka）。应该强调的是，这种能力很可能是在很小的时候就体现的。第二部分是“ Utasha”的生活历史：Amami群岛歌曲的民族志将分析Amami群岛歌手的生活历史，并讨论他们掌握和体现艺术的过程。可以说，这一过程与瓦卡诗人在古代学习瓦卡的方式直接相关。第三部分，“图巴拉马 - Yaeyama群岛的歌曲和歌手”，讨论了Tubarama的歌曲构成方法以及歌手个性的问题。讨论也与古代瓦卡有关。

项目成果

八重山歌謡トゥバラーマの歌い手

八重山歌代土原间的歌手

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 奄美沖縄民間文芸学 6号
• 作者: 真下厚

The Life Histories of "Utasha" : An Ethnography of Songs in the Amami islands

“乌塔莎”的生活史：奄美群岛歌曲的民族志

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: ASIAN FOLK CULTURE STUDIES Vol 3
• 作者: 真下 厚;真下厚;MASHIMO ATSUSHI;真下 厚;真下厚;MASHIMO ATSUSHI
• 通讯作者: MASHIMO ATSUSHI

ウタシャの人生史-奄美島歌の生態-

乌塔莎的生活史 - 奄美岛歌曲的生态 -

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: アジア民族文化研究 3号
• 作者: 真下 厚;真下厚;MASHIMO ATSUSHI;真下 厚;真下厚
• 通讯作者: 真下厚

大原今城の歌

大原今城的歌曲

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: セミナー万葉の歌人と作品 11巻
• 作者: 真下 厚;真下厚
• 通讯作者: 真下厚

Waka of Oohara no Imaki

大原今木的和歌

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Seminar on Works and Poets of Man'yo Period Vol.11
• 作者: 真下 厚;真下厚;MASHIMO ATSUSHI
• 通讯作者: MASHIMO ATSUSHI