HEROIC POETRY IN EAST AND WEST

每一位比较文学研究者都知道，所有的文学作品，无论是口头的、书面的还是共生的，都是在其发展所在的社会的影响下产生的。因此，在不了解所涉社会及其历史的情况下，任何人都无法继续深造。这样，无论用什么方法，我们都可以吸收比较历史的成果。法国历史学家马克·布洛赫建议“从一个或几个社会情境中选择两个或两个以上的现象，它们乍一看似乎提供了它们之间的某些相似之处；然后追踪它们的进化路线，注意它们的相似之处和不同之处，并尽可能地解释它们”(对欧洲社会比较历史的贡献)。13世纪的日本和欧洲的英雄主义诗歌有许多相似之处，尽管这两个社会基本上没有联系。为了对英雄主义诗歌进行比较，笔者提出了建立一种新的研究方法。

Every researcher of comparative literature knows that all of the literary works, oral, written or symbiotic, were produced under the influence of the society in which they were developed. No one can therefore further his/her study without knowledge of the societies involved and their histories. By this, we can assimilate, whatever the method is, the fruit of comparative history. The French historian Marc Bloch suggested "to choose from one or several social situations, two or more phenomena which appear at first sight to offer certain analogies between them; then to trace their line of evolution, to note the likenesses and the differences, and as far as possible explain them" (A Contribution towards a comparative history of European societies). We can find many points of comparison between Japanese and European heroic poetry in the 13^<th> century, although there were essentially no relations between both of the societies. For the purpose of comparing the heroic poetries I proposed to establish a new research method.