A Research on the Semantic Mechanism on the English present perfect with a Special Respect to the Synchronic and Diachronic Environment of European Present Perfects.

英语现在完成时的语义机制研究，特别关注欧洲现在完成时的共时和历时环境。

• 批准号: 15520313
• 负责人: GOTO Mariko
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Kyushu Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15520313/
• 关键词: HAVE-Perfects; Perfect Participle; Tense-Aspect; Present Tense morpheme; Have or Possession; Immediacy; Imperfectivity; Speech-Act Situation; Auxiliary HAVE; the Present Tense morpheme; German Perfekt; the Speech Act; Aspectual Distinction; 時

The central claims of this report are 1) that the English present perfect is in the present tense, 2) that it profiles the speaker's intended present situation denoted by HAVE, elaborated by the participle, and 3) understanding the situation profiled by HAVE requires the recognition of discourse and the contextual factors in the speech act situation.The present perfect is notorious for the difficult descriptive problems it poses. These problems ultimately have arisen from a failure to properly appreciate the relationship between the tense morpheme and the mechanism of the perfect construction itself. The first cause is the accepted picture that the present perfect describes a past event. One of the effects that leads us to this view is the typological fact that many European present perfect forms are known to express past events. The other is that the English tense has not been given an account satisfactory enough to explicate the nature of the tense morpheme attached to the present perfect. The second fundamental cause is the lack of sufficient awareness of the contextual factors crucially involving with use of the present perfect.This research argues that the English present perfect can be considered to express a present situation because(1)the English present perfect has been outside the influence of the semantic change from present to past which occurred in the central Europe and (2)the tense morpheme attached to the construction functions to indicate that the content of the clause holds at the present time identified by the speaker. Second, it argues that once tense, have, the perfect participle and the interaction of these are properly elucidated, the above characterization proves remarkably adequate in accounting for its usage.

本文的主要观点是：（1）英语现在完成时是现在时态;（2）它描述了说话人意图的现在情景，由分词详细描述;（3）理解HAVE描述的情景需要识别话语和言语行为情景中的语境因素。这些问题最终是由于未能正确理解时态语素与完成体结构本身的机制之间的关系而产生的。第一个原因是人们普遍认为现在完成时描述的是过去的事件。导致我们得出这一观点的一个影响是类型学上的事实，即许多欧洲现在完成时形式被认为表达过去的事件。二是对英语时态的解释还不够充分，不能解释现在完成时所附的时态语素的性质。第二个根本原因是对使用现在完成体的语境因素缺乏足够的认识，本研究认为英语现在完成体可以被认为是表达一种现在的情况，因为（1）英语现在完成体不受发生在中欧的从现在到过去的语义变化的影响，（2）附着在该结构上的时态词素的功能是表明该小句的内容在说话者所确定的当前时间保持不变。其次，文章认为，一旦时态、have、完成分词以及它们之间的相互作用得到了恰当的阐释，上述特征就足以解释其用法。

项目成果

「語り」の現在形

“叙述”的现在时

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 九州工業大学情報工学部紀要(人文・社会科学) 第19号
• 作者: 樋口 万里子

The English Present Perfect and the English Present Tense

英语现在完成时和英语现在时

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: The Rising Generation Volume 149,No.3
• 作者: Higuchi;Mariko (The head investigator;Mariko Goto's pen name)
• 通讯作者: Mariko Goto's pen name)

英語の現在完了形と発話の場

英语现在完成时和说话地点

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 日本英文学会九州支部大会第57大会 57号
• 作者: 樋口 万里子;Yasuyo Moriya;樋口 万里子;Yasuyo Moriya;樋口 万里子;Yasuyo Moriya;守屋 靖代;Yasuyo Moriya;樋口万里子(後藤万里子の学術上ペンネーム)
• 通讯作者: 樋口万里子(後藤万里子の学術上ペンネーム)

Introductory Cognitive Linguistics Series vol.6 Cognitive Communication, Chapters 3(Tense, Aspect and Modality) and 4(Information Structure beyond the Clause)(Toshio Ohori(ed.))

认知语言学入门系列第 6 卷认知交流，第 3 章（时态、体和情态）和第 4 章（从句之外的信息结构）（大堀俊夫（编辑））

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: Higuchi;Mariko (The head investigator;Mariko Goto's pen name)
• 通讯作者: Mariko Goto's pen name)

Narration, Historical Present and the English Present

叙事、历史现状和英语现状

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Bulletin of the Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology No.19
• 作者: Higuchi;Mariko (The head investigator;Mariko Goto's pen name)
• 通讯作者: Mariko Goto's pen name)