City and Power in Modern China; with reference to the formation of mass media

From the End of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, cities in China formed their basic " political public sphere". You could see that in a few cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Kunming and in these cities, intellectuals who disassociated their idea from Guomindang and China Communist Party strongly protested against each "Party-State" System and demanded liberalism toward the 1949 Revolution. In this research, we call them liberalists in China because we think they approached uplifted nationalism in a very unruffled manner and tried to create a new political system and culture to be rooted with liberal values which build around Dignity of Individual in China thorough the Mediashpere.However, those liberal movements were intensely criticized by not only each party leaders but also Left-wing intellectuals of China Communist Party in Hong Kong. Freedom of Speech which was allowed in Hong Kong played its part on criticizing the liberal movements.

From the End of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, cities in China formed their basic " political public sphere". You could see that in a few cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Kunming and in these cities, intellectuals who disassociated their idea from Guomindang and China Communist Party strongly protested against each "Party-State" System and demanded liberalism toward the 1949 Revolution. In this research, we call them liberalists in China because we think they approached uplifted nationalism in a very unruffled manner and tried to create a new political system and culture to be rooted with liberal values which build around Dignity of Individual in China thorough the Mediashpere.However, those liberal movements were intensely criticized by not only each party leaders but also Left-wing intellectuals of China Communist Party in Hong Kong. Freedom of Speech which was allowed in Hong Kong played its part on criticizing the liberal movements.