The study on spatial pattern of urban retailing and vitalization of the CBD in Japan and UK

作者研究了英格兰、东米德兰兹郡、诺丁汉郡和诺丁汉的零售规划政策。其结果总结如下：在英格兰，开发许可通常由地方规划当局批准。地方规划部门也有责任制定发展计划。这些文件列出了地方当局希望在今后几年内实施的土地利用模式和相关政策。发展计划包括县议会负责的结构计划和区议会负责的地方计划。中央政府就地方当局编制发展计划的方式向他们提供建议。当局透过通告和一系列规划政策指引，正式向所有规划当局提供意见。在英格兰，发展计划一直被关于规划区是否存在零售层级结构以及是否足够的假设所主导。等级本质上是地理学家用来根据购物区的实际大小和与其集水区的关系对购物区进行分类的描述性设计。在诺丁汉，地方计划旨在保持和提高城镇中心、地区中心和地方中心在这个城市地区的竞争力。日本颁布了《中央地区振兴法案》，以防止中心区空心化，并通过各种手段使其重振旗鼓。但这项法案并没有振兴城市地区的其他购物区。

The author researches the retail planning policies of England, East Midlands, Nottinghamshire and Nottingham. The results are summarized as bellow.In England, permission for development is usually granted by a local planning authority. Local planning authorities also have responsibility for preparing development plans. These set out the patterns of land use and related policies which the local authority wishes to see take place over the next few years. Development plans include structure plan which county councils are responsible and local plans which district councils are responsible. Central government provides advice to local authorities on ways in which they should prepare development plans. Advice is supplied formally to all planning authorities through circulars and series of Planning Policy Guidance Notes. in England.Development plan has been dominated by assumptions about the existence, and adequacy, of retail hierarchies in the plan area. The hierarchy is essentially a descriptive devise used by geographers to classify shopping areas in terms of their physical size and relationship with their catchment areas. In Nottingham, Local Plan intends to maintain and enhance the competitiveness of town centers, district centers and local centers in this urban area.In Japan, the Central District Vitalization Act is enacted to prevent the central district from becoming hollow and to revitalize it with various means. But this Act does not revitalize other shopping districts in urban area.