A Study of Cold War History-A Development of the Cold War in the Arctic Ocean

本研究的目的是分析冷战结构是如何在北冰洋形成的。研究者提出了一个关于苏联和挪威在北冰洋斯瓦尔巴群岛争端的案例研究。1944年11月，苏联外交委员莫洛托夫向挪威政府提出改变斯瓦尔巴群岛国际法律地位的强烈要求，如废除《斯瓦尔巴条约》等。莫洛托夫的建议背后的动机是在斯瓦尔巴群岛和挪威北部建立军事基地，以保障苏联北方舰队自由行动的海上航线和俄罗斯北部的补给线。苏联的这一方针清楚地反映在对国家安全的关切，以及希望斯瓦尔巴群岛周围的北冰洋成为苏联的势力范围。美国和英国对斯瓦尔巴群岛问题的兴趣非常有限。1945年，他们认识到斯瓦尔巴群岛在经济或军事战略上并不重要。他们对斯瓦尔巴群岛缺乏兴趣，导致苏联认为斯瓦尔巴群岛周围的北冰洋不是西方的势力范围。但是，随着美国在北冰洋的格陵兰岛和冰岛获得永久军事基地的权利的努力变得引人注目，苏联对斯瓦尔巴群岛的政策与美国在北极地区的军事部署问题联系在一起。这也迫使苏联政府在斯瓦尔巴群岛问题上转向维持现状的政策，因为苏联担心对挪威进一步施压会给美国人提供更多的论据，以支持他们在格陵兰岛和冰岛建立军事基地的要求。

The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Cold War structure was developed in the Arctic Ocean. The investigator presented a case study on the Soviet-Norwegian disputes over the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.In November 1944, the Soviet commissar for foreign affairs V. Molotov presented the Norwegian government with strong demands for a change in the international legal status of Svalbard, such as an abrogation of the Svalbard Treaty etc.. The motives behind Molotov's proposals were to establish the military bases on Svalbard and Northern Norway in order to safeguard the sea-route for free movements of the Soviet Northern Fleet and the supply-line to the northern parts of Russia. This Soviet demarche was clearly reflected by the concern of security to the country and by the hope that the Arctic Ocean around the Svalbard archipelago could be a Soviet sphere of influence.The United States' and the United Kingdom's interest in the Svalbard issue was very limited. At the time of 1945 they recognized that Svalbard was not of economic or military-strategic importance. Their lack of interest in Svalbard led the Soviet Union to believe that the Arctic Ocean around the Svalbard archipelago was not a western sphere of influence. But as the United States' efforts to acquire the right to permanent military bases on Greenland and Iceland in the Arctic Ocean became remarkable, the Soviet policy on Svalbard was linked to the issue on the American military deployment to the Arctic region. And it forced the Soviet government to switch to the policy of status quo on Svalbard because the Soviet Union feared that its further pressure on Norway could supply the Americans with additional arguments in support of their demand for the military bases in Greenland and Iceland.