A Study of Cold War History-A Development of the Cold War in the Arctic Ocean

本研究的目的是分析冷战格局是如何在北冰洋发展起来的。1944年11月，苏联外交政委莫洛托夫向挪威政府提出了改变斯瓦尔巴群岛国际法律地位的强烈要求，如废除《斯瓦尔巴条约》等。莫洛托夫提议背后的动机是在斯瓦尔巴特群岛和挪威北部建立军事基地，以保护苏联北方舰队自由行动的海上路线和通往俄罗斯北部地区的补给线。这一苏维埃民主清楚地体现在对国家安全的关切和对斯瓦尔巴群岛周围北冰洋可以成为苏联势力范围的希望上。美国和英国对斯瓦尔巴群岛问题的兴趣非常有限。1945年，他们认识到斯瓦尔巴特群岛在经济或军事战略上都不重要。他们对斯瓦尔巴群岛缺乏兴趣，导致苏联认为斯瓦尔巴群岛周围的北冰洋不是西方的势力范围。但随着美国在北冰洋获得格陵兰岛和冰岛永久军事基地的权利的努力变得引人注目，苏联对斯瓦尔巴群岛的政策与美国在北冰洋地区的军事部署问题联系在一起。它迫使苏联政府转向对斯瓦尔巴群岛采取维持现状的政策，因为苏联担心，它对挪威的进一步施压可能会为美国提供更多理由，支持他们对格陵兰和冰岛军事基地的要求。

The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Cold War structure was developed in the Arctic Ocean. The investigator presented a case study on the Soviet-Norwegian disputes over the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.In November 1944, the Soviet commissar for foreign affairs V. Molotov presented the Norwegian government with strong demands for a change in the international legal status of Svalbard, such as an abrogation of the Svalbard Treaty etc.. The motives behind Molotov's proposals were to establish the military bases on Svalbard and Northern Norway in order to safeguard the sea-route for free movements of the Soviet Northern Fleet and the supply-line to the northern parts of Russia. This Soviet demarche was clearly reflected by the concern of security to the country and by the hope that the Arctic Ocean around the Svalbard archipelago could be a Soviet sphere of influence.The United States' and the United Kingdom's interest in the Svalbard issue was very limited. At the time of 1945 they recognized that Svalbard was not of economic or military-strategic importance. Their lack of interest in Svalbard led the Soviet Union to believe that the Arctic Ocean around the Svalbard archipelago was not a western sphere of influence. But as the United States' efforts to acquire the right to permanent military bases on Greenland and Iceland in the Arctic Ocean became remarkable, the Soviet policy on Svalbard was linked to the issue on the American military deployment to the Arctic region. And it forced the Soviet government to switch to the policy of status quo on Svalbard because the Soviet Union feared that its further pressure on Norway could supply the Americans with additional arguments in support of their demand for the military bases in Greenland and Iceland.