Women's Work and Economic Development

矢野认为，由于实现预期终身收入的概率不同，女性和男性之间存在收入差异的可能性。此外，女工自己在就业机会中可以选择任何其他类型的工作而不是常规类型的工作，即使公司可能向男女工人提供相同的工作条件。如果生理上的性别差异导致女性的行为和决策导致收入差异的发生，这是一种经济现象。然而，这种差距的想法会被社会习俗所接受，最终成为女工作为社会性别差异的问题。Nokita分析了经济发展过程中妇女工作的结构性变化，特别是在东盟国家。这些国家经历了被称为“亚洲奇迹”的快速经济增长，然后又因“亚洲货币危机”引发了严重的经济衰退。她还审查了男女工人的就业结构，重点是按职业和行业分列的劳工统计数字。这一分析表明，无论地域、文化和世代的差异，他们的就业结构在其职业和所属行业中具有共同的特征。上述对妇女行为的解释可能适用于妇女选择一种职业或行业的决定。

According to Yano, there is possibility of income difference occurring between female workers and male workers owing to the probability difference in realizing expected lifetime income. Moreover, the female workers themselves may choose any other types of employment than regular type in their employment opportunities, even though both male and female workers might be secured the same working conditions by the firm. It is an economic phenomenon if biological sex difference causes the female behavior and decision making to let income difference occur. However, the idea of such gap would be accepted as a social convention, eventually becoming the issue on the female workers as social sex difference.Nokita analyzed the structural change of the women's work in the process of economic development, especially in the ASEAN countries. These countries experienced very rapid economic growth called"Asian miracle"and then serious economic recession triggered by"Asian monetary crisis". She also examined employment structures of female and male workers focusing on labor statistics by occupation and by industry. This analysis suggests that their employment structures have common features in their occupations and the industries to which those workers belong, regardless differences of region, culture and generation. The explanation on women's behavior described above may apply to the women's decision in choosing a type of occupation or industry.