A dynamic study of trade policy : the formation and development of protective trade policy

本研究的主要课题是研究内生贸易政策的形成，它抓住了日本商业和政治文化的关键方面。这些贸易政策是自由贸易和进口关税形成方面的保护。我们分析了所描绘的文化特征的影响，并表明，文化特质是贸易政策形成的重要决定因素，特别是两种类型的文化的复杂的相互作用被证明有显着的后果的政策结果。将我们的模型行为与日本政治的程式化事实进行对比，我们得出的结论是，模型的行为与过去50年来日本政治家所持的（贸易）政策立场是一致的。本文以动态内生贸易政策形成为基本模型，利用对在华日企的问卷调查数据，实证检验了知识产权保护对防止当地非法模仿的效果。没有证据表明专利和商标注册作为知识产权保护制度的一部分具有保护作用。相反，研究结果表明，专利和商标注册制度可能在促进当地非法模仿方面发挥作用，并可能在中国促进技术转让/扩散。

The main subject of the research is to study endogenous trade-policy formation which captures crucial aspects of the Japanese commercial and political culture. Those trade policies are free trade and protection in terms of import tariff formations. We analyze the influence of the portrayed cultural traits and show that cultural idiosyncrasies are important determinants of trade policy formation ; especially the complex interaction of the two types of cultures is shown to have significant consequence for the policy outcome. Contrasting our model's behavior with the stylized facts of Japanese politics, we arrive at the conclusion that the model's behavior is compatible with the observed (trade) policy positions held by Japanese politicians over the last fifty years. The basic modeling is dynamic endogenous trade policy formation.By using data obtained from a questionnaire survey to Japanese firms in China, we empirically examine the effects of the Intellectual Property Rights protection against local illegal imitation. No evidence has been found that patent and trade mark registration, which constitutes a part of the IPR protection system, has a protective effect. On the contrary, the results suggests that the patent and trade mark registration system may play a role in facilitating local illegal imitation and may be easing technology transfer/diffusion in China.