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Migration and Poverty in Early Modern London : Analysis of Examination Papers of Westminster

近代早期伦敦的移民与贫困:威斯敏斯特试卷分析

基本信息

批准号：
15530245
负责人：
NAKANO Tadashi
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530245/
关键词：
poor migration poor law London apprentice servant marriage literacy 尋問書市民

项目摘要

This study on the settlement examination papers of Westminster in the 18^<th>century was done in two ways. One is a quantitative approach, that is to pick up the information from the examination papers and create a database on the various aspects of poor's careers such as birth place, occupation, apprenticeship, working experience as a servant, wage, renting house, marriage, relation with the relatives, schooling, literacy and so on. We finished creating a database of around 1200 examinees or their husbands. Another is a qualitative or narrative way to reconstruct some typical careers of individual poor, quoting their rhetoric of telling their own past. In order to do that, one of the examination books (WAC, F5015, St Martin in the Fields, 1721-1723) was fully transcripted and edited. Only one thirds of all examinees or their husbands were born in Westminster and London region (Londoners), but around three quarters apprenticed or worked as servants and married in this region. Fleet marriage which occupied 27% of all marriage in the 1720s almost disappeared in the late l8^<th> century. While exceptional long distance immigrants were Irish, some English men and women had moved to overseas and returned to England, as sailors, servants to noblemen or soldiers. Average term of renting house was 74 months, but scrutiny of individual cases reveals many moved frequently in a short time before becoming stayers. Literacy rate of female in the late 18^<th>century was 46%, rather high level, etc.

本论文从两个方面对18^世纪威斯敏斯特的殖民地考卷进行了研究<th>。一种是定量的方法，即从试卷中提取信息，建立一个关于穷人职业的各个方面的数据库，如出生地、职业、学徒、仆人工作经历、工资、租房、婚姻、与亲戚的关系、教育、识字等，我们完成了一个大约1200名考生或他们的丈夫的数据库。另一种是以定性或叙述的方式，引用穷人讲述自己过去的说辞，重建穷人个人的一些典型职业生涯。为了做到这一点，其中一本考试书（WAC，F5015，圣马丁在田野里，1721年至1723年）被完全转录和编辑。只有三分之一的考生或他们的丈夫出生在威斯敏斯特和伦敦地区（伦敦人），但大约四分之三的人在这一地区当学徒或当仆人并结婚。在18世纪20年代占婚姻总数27%的婚外婚在18 ^世纪后期几乎消失<th>了。虽然爱尔兰人是特殊的长途移民，但一些英国人已经移居海外并返回英格兰，成为水手，贵族的仆人或士兵。租房的平均期限为74个月，但对个案的审查显示，许多人在成为留宿者之前在短时间内经常搬家。18^世纪后期女性识字率<th>为46%，处于较高水平，等等。