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Migration and Poverty in Early Modern London : Analysis of Examination Papers of Westminster

近代早期伦敦的移民与贫困:威斯敏斯特试卷分析

基本信息

批准号：
15530245
负责人：
NAKANO Tadashi
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530245/
关键词：
poor migration poor law London apprentice servant marriage literacy 尋問書市民

项目摘要

This study on the settlement examination papers of Westminster in the 18^<th>century was done in two ways. One is a quantitative approach, that is to pick up the information from the examination papers and create a database on the various aspects of poor's careers such as birth place, occupation, apprenticeship, working experience as a servant, wage, renting house, marriage, relation with the relatives, schooling, literacy and so on. We finished creating a database of around 1200 examinees or their husbands. Another is a qualitative or narrative way to reconstruct some typical careers of individual poor, quoting their rhetoric of telling their own past. In order to do that, one of the examination books (WAC, F5015, St Martin in the Fields, 1721-1723) was fully transcripted and edited. Only one thirds of all examinees or their husbands were born in Westminster and London region (Londoners), but around three quarters apprenticed or worked as servants and married in this region. Fleet marriage which occupied 27% of all marriage in the 1720s almost disappeared in the late l8^<th> century. While exceptional long distance immigrants were Irish, some English men and women had moved to overseas and returned to England, as sailors, servants to noblemen or soldiers. Average term of renting house was 74 months, but scrutiny of individual cases reveals many moved frequently in a short time before becoming stayers. Literacy rate of female in the late 18^<th>century was 46%, rather high level, etc.

本次对18世纪威斯敏斯特定居点考试试卷的研究是通过两种方式进行的。一是定量方法，即从试卷中提取信息，建立贫困人口职业各方面的数据库，如出生地、职业、学徒经历、当佣人的工作经历、工资、租房、婚姻、亲属关系、受教育程度、文化程度等。我们完成了包含约 1200 名考生或其丈夫的数据库的创建。另一种是通过定性或叙述的方式来重建贫困个体的一些典型职业，引用他们讲述自己过去的言辞。为了做到这一点，其中一本考试用书（WAC，F5015，St Martin in the Fields，1721-1723）被完全抄录和编辑。只有三分之一的考生或其丈夫出生在威斯敏斯特和伦敦地区（伦敦人），但大约四分之三的人在该地区当学徒或当仆人并结婚。 1720年代占婚姻总数27%的舰队婚姻在18世纪后期几乎消失。虽然特殊的长途移民是爱尔兰人，但一些英国男女移居海外并作为水手、贵族或士兵的仆人返回英国。平均租房期限为74个月，但从个别案例来看，许多人在入住前短时间内频繁搬家。 18世纪末女性识字率为46%，相当高的水平等等。