Migration and Poverty in Early Modern London : Analysis of Examination Papers of Westminster

近代早期伦敦的移民与贫困:威斯敏斯特试卷分析

基本信息

批准号：
15530245
负责人：
NAKANO Tadashi
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530245/
关键词：
poor migration poor law London apprentice servant marriage literacy 尋問書市民

项目摘要

This study on the settlement examination papers of Westminster in the 18^<th>century was done in two ways. One is a quantitative approach, that is to pick up the information from the examination papers and create a database on the various aspects of poor's careers such as birth place, occupation, apprenticeship, working experience as a servant, wage, renting house, marriage, relation with the relatives, schooling, literacy and so on. We finished creating a database of around 1200 examinees or their husbands. Another is a qualitative or narrative way to reconstruct some typical careers of individual poor, quoting their rhetoric of telling their own past. In order to do that, one of the examination books (WAC, F5015, St Martin in the Fields, 1721-1723) was fully transcripted and edited. Only one thirds of all examinees or their husbands were born in Westminster and London region (Londoners), but around three quarters apprenticed or worked as servants and married in this region. Fleet marriage which occupied 27% of all marriage in the 1720s almost disappeared in the late l8^<th> century. While exceptional long distance immigrants were Irish, some English men and women had moved to overseas and returned to England, as sailors, servants to noblemen or soldiers. Average term of renting house was 74 months, but scrutiny of individual cases reveals many moved frequently in a short time before becoming stayers. Literacy rate of female in the late 18^<th>century was 46%, rather high level, etc.

这项关于18^<th>世纪威斯敏斯特定居考试论文的研究以两种方式进行。一种是一种定量方法，即从考试论文中获取信息，并在穷人职业的各个方面创建数据库，例如出生地点，职业，学徒制，仆人的工作经验，工资，租赁房屋，租赁房屋，与亲戚，与亲戚，学校的关系，学校，学校，识字等。我们完成了大约1200个考生或他们的丈夫的数据库。另一种是一种定性或叙事方式，可以重建一些个人穷人的典型职业，引用他们讲述自己的过去的言论。为了做到这一点，一本考试书（WAC，F5015，田野中的圣马丁，1721 - 1723年）已完全转录和编辑。所有考生或其丈夫中只有三分之一出生在威斯敏斯特和伦敦地区（伦敦人），但大约四分之三的学徒或担任仆人并在该地区结婚。在1720年代，占据所有婚姻的27％的舰队婚姻几乎消失在L8^<th>世纪。尽管出色的长距离移民是爱尔兰人，但一些英国男女已移居海外，回到英国，作为水手，仆人到贵族或士兵。租房的平均期限为74个月，但对个别案件的审查显示，许多人在短时间内经常移动，然后才能成为住宿。在18^<th>世纪后期，女性的识字率为46％，相当高，等等。