A study on formation of commercialization mind & career transition of R & D professionals

关于R & D专业人员的职业取向，以往的研究是根据美国的调查，将职业取向分为管理取向和技术取向两类。然而，在日本，技术方向分为研究和工程两大类，研究是指从根本上探索问题的本质，可能会也可能不会带来经济利益，而工程是指为开发实用技术或产品商业化而进行的研究。此外，由于职业生涯中期的专业人士往往同时承担与项目维护和技术研发相关的管理职责，因此很少有专业人士具有纯粹的管理方向。因此，一个新的概念已经被派生出来，以取代管理导向，本研究称之为组织导向。

Research carried out on the career orientations of R & D professionals has conventionally utilized two categories, managerial orientation and technical orientation, which draw on surveys carried out in the United States. However, in Japan, technical orientation is divided into the research and engineering categories, with research referring to a fundamental quest for the true nature of issues that may or may not lead to financial profit, while engineering denotes research carried out to develop practical technologies or product commercialization. Moreover, because mid-career professionals often take on both the managerial duties associated with project maintenance and technical R & D, it is rare to find professionals who have a purely managerial orientation. A new concept has therefore been derived to replace managerial orientation, which this study refers to as organizational orientation.