Exchange fluxes of climate-relevant trace gases off the Western AntaRctic Peninsula (EWARP)

南极半岛西部（WAP）拥有一个高产的生态系统，可以说是全球变暖影响下变化最快的地区之一。以海冰季节性、暖环极水域的跨大陆架输送和亚中尺度涡旋为形式的自然时空变异性在WAP的化学和生物环境中具有显著的影响。因此，冰川融化加速、海冰覆盖减少和紫外线可用性增加等环境变化可能对该地区的生物地球化学循环产生巨大影响。然而，具体的变化方向仍然不清楚，主要是由于难以获得数据而导致的数据缺乏。与气候相关的微量气体在极地地区，特别是在WAP中属于高度相关但研究不足的化合物。不仅缺乏数据覆盖，而且缺乏对气体从混合层向大气转移的控制机制的详细了解，这使得估计它们向大气的总排放量具有挑战性。混合层和大气通过自然形成的控制交换过程的表面膜分离。因此，到目前为止还不清楚WAP是微量气体的源还是汇。我们建议进行一项雄心勃勃的多学科研究，旨在量化WAP沿海和开阔海域微量气体的产生和交换通量。特别是，我们的目标是：i)评估CH4， N2O， DMS和CO在布兰斯菲尔德海峡次区域的主要生产途径，ii)阐明它们在ML-SML-A界面上转移的控制机制及其在春夏过渡期间的变化，以及iii)解释亚中尺度过程在多大程度上影响微量气体循环和SML性质。为此，我们建议使用系泊观测，在定点站进行季节性采样，并进行过程研究，包括使用自主平台（例如远程操作双体船和漂流船）进行高分辨率物理，化学和生物测量。拟议的项目将提供有关WAP中微量气体向大气排放的主要控制因素的见解，并将有助于未来的模式研究，以改善海洋-大气模式中冰川加速融化影响的表现。

The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) comprises a highly productive ecosystem and is arguably one of the most rapidly changing regions under the effects of global warming. Natural temporal-spatial variability in the form of sea ice seasonality, cross-shelf transport of warm circumpolar waters and submesoscale eddies have a pronounced effect in the chemical and biological setting of the WAP. Hence, environmental changes such as accelerated glacial melting, reduced sea ice coverage and increased UVlight availability might have vast effects in the biogeochemical cycles of the region. However, the specific direction of change is still unclear, mostly due to paucity of data resulting from the difficulty of access. Climate-relevant trace gases belong to highly relevant, yet under-studied compounds in Polar Regions, and in particular, in the WAP. Not only lack of data coverage, but also of a detailed under-standing of the controlling mechanisms for the transfer of gases from the mixed layer to the atmosphere makes it challenging to estimate their overall emissions to the atmosphere. The mixed layer and atmosphere are separated by naturally occuring surface films controlling exchange processes. Hence, to this date it is not clear whether the WAP is a source or sink of trace gases. We propose to conduct an ambitious multidisciplinary study, which aims to quantify the production and exchange fluxes of trace gases in coastal and open ocean waters of the WAP. In particular, we aim to: i) assess the major production pathways of CH4, N2O, DMS, and CO in the Bransfield Strait sub-region, ii) elucidate the controlling mechanisms for their transfer across the ML-SML-A interfaces and their variability during the spring-summer transition, and iii) decipher at what extent sub-mesoscale processes affect trace gas cycling and SML properties. To this end, we propose to use moored observations, seasonal samplings at a fixed-point station, and a process study including highlyresolution physical, chemical and biological measurements with autonomous platforms (e.g. remotely operated catamaran and drifters). The proposed project will provide insights on the main controls of the emissions of trace gases to the atmosphere in the WAP, and will help future model studies to improve the representation of the effects of accelerated glacial melt in ocean-atmosphere models.