How Do Energy Fluxes Link Precipitation Variability across the Tropical Weather-Climate Continuum?

能量通量如何与热带天气-气候连续体的降水变化联系起来？

• 批准号: 2411723
• 负责人: Spencer Hill
• 金额: $ 68.2万
• 依托单位: CUNY City College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2025-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2411723&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: How; Do; Energy; Fluxes; Link

Near the equator, a nearly permanent band of high rainfall circles the globe. It moves north and south with the seasons, and in the summer over land it becomes Earth’s monsoons in places like India, providing rainfall that billions of people rely on. Its movements are closely related to north and south transports of energy by the atmosphere. Because of traveling disturbances along the rainband, however, the relationship between the rainband location and the north-south energy transports is complicated. The prevailing theory thereof and many climate models fail to capture this relationship. The investigators will use the observed temperature, wind, precipitation, and moisture to establish, for the first time, the precise contribution to north-south energy transports by the different types of tropical disturbances. Combining this information with climate model simulations, the investigators will develop new theories for the energy transports by individual disturbance types and incorporate these into existing theory. Finally, in collaboration with the City College of New York (CCNY), the investigators will build three state-of-the-art rotating tank platforms for teaching concepts in climate science, weather, and oceanography and use the devices to contribute to CCNY science outreach events.This work will improve our fundamental understanding of traveling tropical disturbances (such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation) which are known to influence the likelihood of extreme weather events. It will unify work across seemingly disparate time and spatial scales spanning the weather-climate continuum from small, short-lived waves to the semi-permanent, circum-global rainband. It will pinpoint likely sources of error in tropical rainfall and ways to address them in weather and climate models, helping to reduce uncertainties in projections of future changes in monsoon regions home to billions of vulnerable people. The collaboration with CCNY will bring core earth science concepts to underserved K-12 students, potentially stimulating interests in STEM and encouraging them to pursue college.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在赤道附近，一条几乎永久性的高降雨带环绕着地球仪。 它随季节向南北移动，夏季在陆地上空成为印度等地的季风，为数十亿人提供赖以生存的降雨。它的移动与大气层向南北输送能量密切相关。 然而，由于雨带中存在沿着移动的扰动，雨带位置与南北能量输送的关系较为复杂。流行的理论和许多气候模型未能捕捉到这种关系。研究人员将利用观测到的温度、风、降水和湿度，首次确定不同类型的热带扰动对南北能量输送的精确贡献。将这些信息与气候模型模拟相结合，研究人员将为单个扰动类型的能量传输开发新的理论，并将其纳入现有理论。 最后，研究人员将与纽约城市学院（CCNY）合作，建造三个最先进的旋转罐平台，用于教授气候科学，天气，和海洋学，并使用这些设备为CCNY科学外展活动做出贡献。这项工作将提高我们对热带扰动的基本理解（例如马登-朱利安振荡），这些振荡已知会影响极端天气事件的可能性。 它将统一跨越看似完全不同的时间和空间尺度的工作，这些尺度跨越天气-气候连续体，从短暂的小波浪到半永久性的环球雨带。 它将查明热带降雨中可能的误差来源，以及在天气和气候模型中解决这些问题的方法，有助于减少对季风地区未来变化预测的不确定性，这些地区是数十亿脆弱人口的家园。 与CCNY的合作将把地球科学的核心概念带给缺乏服务的K-12学生，可能激发他们对STEM的兴趣，并鼓励他们继续上大学。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。