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The Eastern Territories Problems and National Identity in Postwar Germany

战后德国的东部领土问题与民族认同

基本信息

批准号：
15530318
负责人：
SATO Shigeki
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Hosei University (2004-2005)Ibaraki University (2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530318/
关键词：
the Order-Neisse Line Expulsion Germany the Federal Republic of Germany national identity public discourse hermeneutics scheme of interpretation 領土問題歴史の記憶オーデル=ナイセ線東方政策ナショナリズムドイツ政策公的言論

项目摘要

As a result of the defeat of World War II, Germany lost about 115 thousand square kilometers of the territories east of the Oder-Nisse line and some seven million German citizens of the former Reich were expelled from there. I consider how the so-called "eastern territories" (or the Oder-Neisse territories) have been conceived and discussed in the public discourse of the Federal Republic of Germany from the end of the war to the present. Paying a special attention to the role of national identity, or national self-understanding, in the debates on the eastern territories, I explore how the revision of the Oder-Neisse line and the German "homeland rights" to the east were claimed, how the borders along the Oder-Neisse line got to be finally "recognized" and the policy of "abandoning" the eastern territories was legitimated, and how the legacies and memories of the territories have been (or are still) invoked after the final settlement of the borders.Overall in this research I illuminate … More the shift of a dominant pattern of national identity in postwar West Germany : from the "Reich identity" to the "Holocaust identity." From the late-40s through the 60s the claim to the revision of the Oder-Neisse line was made in principle on the normative base of the "Reich identity," which presupposed that despite the defeat of Nazi Germany the "German Reich with the frontiers of 1937" still exists in the legal sense. But the "Holocaust identity," a uniquely postwar pattern of German identity, which considers the "overcoming" of the Nazi past as a special duty of postwar Germans and the commitment to "reconciliation (Aussohnung)" with Poland as an important part of the duty, became conspicuous in the late-60s and played an important role in the "new eastern policy (neue Ostpolitik)" of Willy Brandt. After the 60s the recognition of the Oder-Neisse line and the "abandoning" of the eastern territories have thus been legitimated in terms of the "Holocaust identity."However, the road to the final settlement of the Oder-Neisse line was not smooth. The opposition to the "final recognition" could still invoke the revised, or "personalized," version of the "Reich identity" in the 70s and the 80s. The public debates over the eastern territories have represented the two different, conflicting patterns of postwar German identity. Considering the case of postwar German eastern territories problems, this research shows the nature of national identity, which is not a unitary entity on the basis of general consensus, but a field of public discourse with different schemes of interpretation claimed by conflicting social actors. Less

由于第二次世界大战的失败，德国失去了奥德-尼斯线以东约11.5万平方公里的领土，约700万前赖希的德国公民被驱逐出那里。我考虑了从战争结束到现在，在联邦德国德国的公共话语中，所谓的“东部领土”（或奥德-尼斯领土）是如何被构想和讨论的。特别关注民族认同或民族自我理解在东部领土争论中的作用，探讨了奥德-尼斯线的修改和德国对东部的“家园权”是如何主张的，奥德-尼斯线沿着边界是如何最终得到“承认”的，“放弃”东部领土的政策是如何合法化的，以及在边界最终解决后，领土的遗产和记忆是如何被（或仍然被）调用的。 ...更多信息战后德国国家认同的主导模式的转变：从“赖希认同”到“大屠杀认同”。“从40年代末到60年代，修改奥德-尼斯线的主张原则上是以“赖希身份”的规范性基础为基础的，这种身份的前提是，尽管纳粹德国被击败，但“拥有1937年边界的德国赖希”在法律的意义上仍然存在。但“大屠杀认同”是战后德国人独特的认同模式，它将“克服”纳粹历史视为战后德国人的特殊责任，并将与波兰“和解（Aussohnung）”的承诺视为这一责任的重要组成部分，这种认同在60年代后期变得引人注目，并在威利·勃兰特的“新东方政策（neue Ostpolitik）”中发挥了重要作用。60年代后，承认奥得河-尼斯河线和“放弃”东部领土的做法，就“大屠杀身份”而言，因此是合法的。“然而，最终解决奥德-尼斯线问题的道路并不平坦。反对“最终承认”的人仍然可以援引70年代和80年代“赖希身份”的修订版或“个人化”版本。关于东部领土的公开辩论代表了战后德国身份的两种不同的、相互冲突的模式。考虑到战后德国东部领土问题的情况下，本研究表明，国家身份的性质，这不是一个统一的实体的基础上普遍的共识，而是一个领域的公共话语与不同的解释方案所声称的冲突的社会行动者。少