Social psychophysiology on control of emotion and modality of sensation in communication.

站立姿势是通过整合不同形式的感觉功能来维持的，即视觉、前庭和体感功能。我们先前已经发现，焦虑影响大学生在直立站立时注视他们面前的视觉提示时前后轴的身体摇摆（BS）的频率分量（Wada等人，2001年）。焦虑对BS的影响在参与者睁着眼睛站立时观察到，但闭着眼睛时减少。因此，我们假设焦虑的程度影响视觉信息的处理和/或视觉输入与其他两种感觉输入之间的相互作用。此外，已经提出的可能性是，具有较高焦虑的人以不同于具有较低焦虑的人的方式感知空间距离，包括对人际距离的认知。我们采用受试者内设计的实验表明，焦虑程度与前后BS的最大长度正相关，因此与相同人的BS总面积正相关（Ohno等人，2004年，2005年）。当眼睛闭上时，焦虑对BS表现的这些影响也会减弱。在2004年，我们研究了视觉线索从外部标志转换到内部标志的效果。心算是通过观察内部表格来进行的。因此，我们观察了焦虑对睁眼心算过程中BS的影响。焦虑对心算的影响不明显。这一结果表明，从外部环境的视觉输入的处理是必要的焦虑影响的姿势平衡。我们在2005年的实验表明，焦虑并不影响前庭器官的电刺激引起的前后BS。

The standing posture is maintained by the integration of sensory functions with different modalities, i.e. visual, vestibular, and somatosensory functions. We have previously found that anxiety influences the frequency component of body sway (BS) of the antero-posterior axis in college students during orthostatic standing while gazing at a visual cue in front of them (Wada et al., 2001). The influence of anxiety on BS is observed in participants standing with their eyes open, but diminished with eyes closed. Therefore, we have hypothesized that the degree of anxiety affects the processing of visual information and/or the interaction between visual input and other two sensory inputs in standing humans. Furthermore, the possibility has been raised that humans with higher anxiety perceive the spacial distance, including the cognition of interpersonal distance, in a different manner from that of humans with lower anxiety. Our experiment employing the within-subject design has shown that the degree of anxiety positively correlates with the maximum length of the antero-posterior BS and thus the total area of BS in the same persons (Ohno et al., 2004, 2005). These influences of anxiety on the performance of BS are also diminished when eyes are closed. In 2004, we have examined the effect of exchanging the visual cue from external landmark to internal one. Mental arithmetic is carried out by viewing the internal tables. Therefore, we have observed the effects of anxiety on BS during mental arithmetic with eyes open. No influence of anxiety has been observed in BS with mental arithmetic. This result shows that the processing of visual input from the external milieu is essential for anxiety to influence the postural balance. Our experiment in 2005 has shown that anxiety does not influence the antero-posterior BS induced by an electrical stimulation of the vestibular organs.