A Study on Public University Policy in Japan before the World War II

二战前日本公立大学政策研究

• 批准号: 15530512
• 负责人: YOSHIKAWA Takuji
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530512/
• 关键词: Public University; local autonomous body; Special College Ordinance; University Ordinance; Education Survey Council; Extraordinary Commission on Education; 8-Year-Plan for Establishment of National Institution of Higher Education; Policy Affairs Re

The aim of this research project was to clarify historical characteristics of public university policy in Japan before the World War II. The Research primarily revealed the following :(1)The bankruptcy and defeat of the 8-Year-Plan for Establishment of National Institution of Higher Education (1899) gave the Ministry of Education a critical moment to change the front to give sanction to local autonomous body (prefecture and city) to establish a public institution of higher education.(2)The Policy Affairs Research Council, which was established by Katsura Cabinet in 1902 to plan out administrative readjustment, accepted the new policy of the Ministry of Education and submitted a report. The Ministry of Education constituted the Special College Ordinance (1903), by which local autonomous body could establish a public institution of special college, taking the report on the administrative readjustment and the Ministry's own original ideas.(3)The University Ordinance was enacted to permit local autonomous body to establish university following the final report of the Extraordinary Commission on Education in 1918. On the other hand the ordinance restricted the right to establishment of university by local autonomous body only in the special case. This paradox came from the situation that the Administration needed many universities to promote science technology in order to prepare for a total war such as the World War I, while they couldn't permit autonomous body, which was controlled by political parties, to spend too much money because they needed to avoid fiscal crisis.

本研究的目的是弄清第二次世界大战前日本公立大学政策的历史特征。研究主要揭示了以下几点：（1）“立学八年计划”（1899年）的破产和失败，使文部省在这一关键时刻，改变了阵地，批准地方自治机关（州、市）设立公立高等教育机构。（2）1902年卡廷内阁为规划行政调整而设立的政策事务研究理事会接受了教育部的新政策，并提交了报告。1903年，教育部制定了《特殊学院条例》，规定地方自治机构可以根据行政调整报告和教育部自己的原始想法，建立特殊学院的公共机构。（3）《大学条例》是在1918年教育特别委员会的最后报告之后颁布的，目的是允许地方自治机构建立大学。另一方面，该法令仅在特殊情况下限制地方自治机构设立大学的权利。这一悖论来自于政府需要许多大学来促进科学技术，以便为第一次世界大战这样的全面战争做准备，而政府又不能允许由政党控制的自治机构花费太多钱，因为它们需要避免财政危机。

项目成果

文部省「八年計画」の再検討

教育部“八年计划”复审

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 教育史研究室年報(名古屋大学教育学部教育史研究室) 第10号
• 作者: 吉川卓治

A study on 8-Year-Plan for Establishment of National Institution of Higher Education (1899)

国立高等学校设立八年计划研究（1899年）

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Annual Report of History of Education(Nagoya University) (10)
• 作者: 吉川卓治;YOSHIKAWA Takuji
• 通讯作者: YOSHIKAWA Takuji