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Separation and Determination of Autocatalyst-Derived Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium in the Environment

环境中自催化剂衍生的铂、钯和铑的分离和测定

基本信息

批准号：
15550064
负责人：
HONJO Takaharu
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15550064/
关键词：
Autocatalyst Platinum Palladium Rhodium Environment Separation Determination 排出ガス触媒分離安定

项目摘要

Since automobiles equipped with three-way (i.e. removing carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons together in exhaust gasses) catalysts run under strict conditions as 400-1000 ℃, platinum, palladium, and rhodium are released by catalytic degradation, causing an environmental pollution. Then, the emissions of these precious metals in soot from the exhaust pipes and mufflers of 4 types of gasoline powered cars, were investigated first and ascertained that the values were Pt : 11-32 ppm, Pd : 7-19 ppm, and Rh : 3-25 ppm, respectively. The content of these precious metals tends to increase with increasing the running distance (50,000-130,000 km) of cars in roads, and also with drawing to the three-way catalytic converter in exhaust pipes.In soot samples, Pd and Rh were detected in M IRA (DAIHATSU), while Pt and Rh were detected in FAMILIA (MAZDA), SUNNY (NISSAN), and SKYLINE (NISSAN), respectively. Inorganic ingredient (10.7-5,440 ppm) detected except for precious metals in soot … More of SKYLINE (running distance : 130,000km, 1992 type) were Na, Ca, Fe, Zn>Al>Si>Mg, Mn, Ni>Ce>V, Zr, etc, while Ba, Co, La, and Mo were under detection limit.In environmental samples involving soot of cars and dusts, as soil and moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.) in major road ways (national road, the 8 line, Imamaehi, Kanazawa), Pd (29-59 ppb) and Rh (15-34 ppb) were detected within 1m from the edge of the white line of automobile road, while Pt were under detection limit (<8ppb). This results indicate that these precious metalt particles emitted from motor vehicles are relatively heavy, and don't travel far from car exhaust pipes, falling out at the edges of roadways. In road ways of tunnel (national road, the 157 line, Higashifutaguchi and Kuwajima, near Tedori dam, Ishikawa), Pd (26-84 ppb) and Rh (230-1,700 ppb) were detected within 1 m from soil and soot of the inside wall, while Pt was under detection limit (8 ppb).Solubility of Pd and Rh in soot from the exhaust pipe and mufflers using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid were <1%, while that of Pt was not observed. This result suggests that a small amount of Pd and Rh is in chloride species. Less

由于装有三元催化剂的汽车在400-1000℃的严格条件下运行，催化降解释放出铂、钯、铑，造成环境污染。然后，首先对4种汽油动力汽车的排气管和消声器的烟灰中这些贵金属的排放量进行了调查，确定其值分别为Pt：11-32 ppm、Pd：7-19 ppm和Rh：3-25 ppm。这些贵金属的含量随着汽车在道路上的行驶距离（50,000-130,000公里）的增加以及排气管中的三元催化转化器的吸引而增加。在烟灰样品中，M IRA（大发）中检测到了Pd和Rh，而福美来（马自达）、SUNNY（日产）和SKYLINE（日产）中分别检测到了Pt和Rh。 SKYLINE（行驶距离：130,000公里，1992年型）烟灰中除贵金属外检出的无机成分（10.7-5,440 ppm）为Na、Ca、Fe、Zn>Al>Si>Mg、Mn、Ni>Ce>V、Zr等，Ba、Co、La、Mo均在检出限以下。主要道路（国道、8号线、今前比、金泽）中的苔藓（Bryum argenteum Hedw.），距离汽车道路白线边缘1m范围内检出Pd（29-59 ppb）和Rh（15-34 ppb），而Pt在检出限以下（<8ppb）。这一结果表明，机动车排放的这些贵金属颗粒相对较重，并且不会远离汽车排气管，在道路边缘掉落。在隧道道路（国道、157 号线、东二口和桑岛、石川县手取水库附近）中，距内墙土壤和烟尘 1 m 范围内检测到 Pd（26-84 ppb）和 Rh（230-1,700 ppb），而 Pt 低于检测限（8 ppb）。 Pd 和 Rh 在排气管和烟尘中的溶解度使用 0.1 M 盐酸的消声器<1%，而使用 Pt 的消声器则没有观察到。该结果表明少量的 Pd 和 Rh 存在于氯化物物质中。较少的