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Risk estimation from urban air pollution based on Diesel Exhaust Partide (DEP) measurement

基于柴油机尾气颗粒 (DEP) 测量的城市空气污染风险评估

基本信息

批准号：
15560468
负责人：
MURAO Naoto
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15560468/
关键词：
Urban air pollution Carcinozenesis risk Diesel Exhaust DEP Absorption Photometer Black Carbon 浮遊粒子状物質リスク評価モニタリング測定装置の開発 VOC PAH

项目摘要

Air pollution problems by suspended particulate matter (SPM) are still serious in metropolitan areas in Japan. Especially, health (carcinogenesis) risk from diesel exhaust particles (DEP) is considered to be significant. The purpose of this research is to (1)conduct long-term black carbon (major component of DEP) field measurements using a small absorption photometer developed by our group, (2)evaluate risks and source contributions using the measurement results, and (3)show how the introduction of the low-emission vehicle can reduce urban air pollution.In 2003, after examining various measurement methods, we started measurements at ten air monitoring stations in Sapporo. The measured components are black carbon, volatile organic compounds, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals. In 2004, the measurements were continued, and an method of estimating DEP concentrations from the variations of various pollutants was examined.The main findings are as follows.(1)By using tape type absorption photometer, the high temporal variations of the black carbon were obtained.(2)Black carbon showed a seasonal variation with a maximum in autumn, and a minimum in spring.(3)From a statistical analysis and a diffusion calculation, the DEP contribution to SPM and black carbon content in DEP were estimated.(4)Assuming the DEP unit risk (3.4x10^<-5>, WHO), the estimated carcinogenesis risk level in Sapporo ranged from 1.7x10^<-4> to 3.7x10^<-4>.

悬浮颗粒物（SPM）的空气污染问题在日本的大都市地区仍然很严重。特别是，柴油机排气颗粒（DEP）的健康（致癌）风险被认为是显着的。本研究的目的是（1）进行长期黑碳（DEP的主要组成部分）使用本小组开发的小型吸收光度计进行实地测量，（2）使用测量结果评估风险和源贡献，（3）说明低排放车辆的引入如何减少城市空气污染。2003年，在研究了各种测量方法后，我们在札幌的10个空气监测站开始测量。被测组分为黑碳、挥发性有机物、多环芳烃、重金属。2004年，继续进行了测量，并研究了根据各种污染物的变化估算DEP浓度的方法。主要结果如下。(1)By采用带式吸收光度计，得到黑碳的高时间变化。（2）黑碳含量的季节变化规律为秋季最高，春季最低。（3）通过统计分析和扩散计算，估算了DEP对SPM的贡献和DEP中的黑碳含量。（4）假设DEP单位风险（3.4 × 10 ~ 3 ^<-5>，WHO），估算出札幌的致癌风险水平为1.7 × <-4>10 ~ 3 ^<-4>。