Anthropogenic Emissions of Reduced Sulfur Compounds from Waste Water Facilities and Landfills in Sapporo

研究表明，还原的硫化物，如羰基硫化物(COS)和二硫化碳(CS2)，通过形成硫酸颗粒和云，在全球和/或局部气候中发挥着重要作用。特别是，由于COS在对流层中的寿命相对较长，从对流层输送的COS被认为是影响地球辐射平衡和气候的平流层气溶胶的主要来源。到目前为止，已经确定和量化了大量的COS来源，但人为来源对当地和全球COS负担的贡献是高度不确定的。本研究的目的是评估废水设施和垃圾填埋场等人为排放对札幌市环境浓度的贡献。为此，我们首次建立了利用配备FPD的热解吸离子气相色谱监测环境还原硫气的方法。该方法包括在TENAX上进行低温预浓缩。对于3L以下的样品没有观察到突破，回收率约为100%。札幌市对环境浓度和各种来源的排放进行了测量，环境中COS浓度的变化表明札幌市存在局部来源。然而，车辆和废水设施的排放率被发现足够小，可以改变环境浓度。尽管由于各种干扰而无法进行定量，但垃圾填埋气中含有大量的还原含硫气体。为了验证这些发现，有必要对含硫垃圾填埋气进行表征，并进行广泛的排放测量。

It has been suggested that reduced sulfur compounds such as carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) play a significant role in the global and/or local climate through formation of sulfuric acid particles and clouds. In particular, because of its relatively long lifetime in the troposphere, transport of COS from the troposphere is believed to be the major source for the stratospheric aerosol layer which affect the Earth's radiation balance and climate. Until now numerous sources of COS have been identified and quantified, but the contribution of anthropogenic sources to the local and global COS burden is highly uncertain. The purpose of this study is to estimate contribution of anthropogenic emissions such as waste water facilities and landfills to ambient concentration in Sapporo.With this aim, we first developed measurement method for monitoring ambient reduced sulfur gases using thermal desorpt ion - gas chromatography equipped with FPD.The method includes cryogenic preconcentration on TENAX.Breakthrough is not observed for samples up to 3 liter and recovery is found to be approximately 100%.Measurements of ambient concentrations and emissions from various sources have been performed in Sapporo, Variation of ambient COS concentrations suggests a local source in Sapporo. However emission rates from vehicles and waste water facilities are found to be small enough to vary ambient concentration. Although quantification can not be made due to various interference, landfill gas contains large amount of reduced sulfur gases. In order to verify these findings characterization of sulfur containing landfill gases and extensive emission measurements are necessary.