Anthropogenic Emissions of Reduced Sulfur Compounds from Waste Water Facilities and Landfills in Sapporo

已表明，还原硫化合物如硫化羰（COS）和二硫化碳（CS2）通过形成硫酸颗粒和云在全球和/或局部气候中发挥重要作用。特别是，由于COS在对流层中的寿命相对较长，对流层的COS输送被认为是平流层气溶胶层的主要来源，影响地球的辐射平衡和气候。到目前为止，已查明并量化了许多COS源，但人为源对当地和全球COS负担的贡献非常不确定。本研究的目的是估算污水处理设施和垃圾填埋场等人为排放对札幌环境浓度的贡献。我们首先开发了使用热解吸离子监测环境还原硫气体的测量方法，配备FPD的气相色谱仪。该方法包括在TENAX上进行低温预浓缩。对于高达3升的样品，未观察到穿透，在札幌进行了环境浓度和各种来源排放的测量，环境COS浓度的变化表明札幌存在本地来源。然而，从车辆和废水设施的排放率被发现是小到足以改变环境浓度。填埋气中含有大量的还原性含硫气体，但由于各种干扰因素，无法进行定量分析。为了验证这些发现，含硫垃圾填埋场气体和广泛的排放测量表征是必要的。

It has been suggested that reduced sulfur compounds such as carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) play a significant role in the global and/or local climate through formation of sulfuric acid particles and clouds. In particular, because of its relatively long lifetime in the troposphere, transport of COS from the troposphere is believed to be the major source for the stratospheric aerosol layer which affect the Earth's radiation balance and climate. Until now numerous sources of COS have been identified and quantified, but the contribution of anthropogenic sources to the local and global COS burden is highly uncertain. The purpose of this study is to estimate contribution of anthropogenic emissions such as waste water facilities and landfills to ambient concentration in Sapporo.With this aim, we first developed measurement method for monitoring ambient reduced sulfur gases using thermal desorpt ion - gas chromatography equipped with FPD.The method includes cryogenic preconcentration on TENAX.Breakthrough is not observed for samples up to 3 liter and recovery is found to be approximately 100%.Measurements of ambient concentrations and emissions from various sources have been performed in Sapporo, Variation of ambient COS concentrations suggests a local source in Sapporo. However emission rates from vehicles and waste water facilities are found to be small enough to vary ambient concentration. Although quantification can not be made due to various interference, landfill gas contains large amount of reduced sulfur gases. In order to verify these findings characterization of sulfur containing landfill gases and extensive emission measurements are necessary.