Anthropogenic Emissions of Reduced Sulfur Compounds from Waste Water Facilities and Landfills in Sapporo

有研究表明，羰基硫化物（COS）和二硫化碳（CS2）等还原硫化合物通过形成硫酸颗粒和云在全球和/或局部气候中发挥重要作用。特别是，由于COS在对流层中存在的时间相对较长，因此从对流层输送的COS被认为是影响地球辐射平衡和气候的平流层气溶胶层的主要来源。到目前为止，已经确定和量化了许多COS来源，但人为来源对当地和全球COS负担的贡献是高度不确定的。本研究的目的是估计札幌市的人为排放，如废水处理设施和垃圾填埋场对环境浓度的贡献。为此，我们首先开发了一种监测环境中还原性硫气体的测量方法，使用了配备FPD的热解吸离子-气相色谱法。该方法包括在TENAX上低温富集。对于高达3升的样品未观察到突破，并且发现回收率约为100%。在札幌进行了各种来源的环境浓度和排放测量，环境COS浓度的变化表明札幌有一个当地来源。然而，车辆和污水处理设施的排放率很小，足以改变环境浓度。虽然由于各种干扰无法定量，但垃圾填埋气体中含有大量的还原硫气体。为了验证这些发现，有必要对含硫垃圾填埋气体进行表征和广泛的排放测量。

It has been suggested that reduced sulfur compounds such as carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) play a significant role in the global and/or local climate through formation of sulfuric acid particles and clouds. In particular, because of its relatively long lifetime in the troposphere, transport of COS from the troposphere is believed to be the major source for the stratospheric aerosol layer which affect the Earth's radiation balance and climate. Until now numerous sources of COS have been identified and quantified, but the contribution of anthropogenic sources to the local and global COS burden is highly uncertain. The purpose of this study is to estimate contribution of anthropogenic emissions such as waste water facilities and landfills to ambient concentration in Sapporo.With this aim, we first developed measurement method for monitoring ambient reduced sulfur gases using thermal desorpt ion - gas chromatography equipped with FPD.The method includes cryogenic preconcentration on TENAX.Breakthrough is not observed for samples up to 3 liter and recovery is found to be approximately 100%.Measurements of ambient concentrations and emissions from various sources have been performed in Sapporo, Variation of ambient COS concentrations suggests a local source in Sapporo. However emission rates from vehicles and waste water facilities are found to be small enough to vary ambient concentration. Although quantification can not be made due to various interference, landfill gas contains large amount of reduced sulfur gases. In order to verify these findings characterization of sulfur containing landfill gases and extensive emission measurements are necessary.