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Role of bioturbation and interspecific relationships in determining the distribution of three species of macrobenthos on an extensive intertidal saridflat in Ariake Sound

生物扰动和种间关系在确定有明湾大面积潮间带沙里滩上三种大型底栖动物分布中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
15570018
负责人：
TAMAKI Akio
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Nagasaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Three large-sized macrobenthos dominated the benthic community on an intertidal sandflat with an area of 4.1km^2 located at the mouth of the Shirakawa River in the central Ariake Sound, western Kyushu, Japan. They were the two bivalves (Ruditapes philippinarum and Mactra veneriformis) and the ghost shrimp (Nihonotrypaea japonica) that lives in a deep-reaching burrow. R.philippinarum and M.veneriformis were distributed separately in the lower and middle tidal zones of the 50% of the sandflat, while N.japonica was in the upper zone of the rest of the sandflat. As one possible mechanism that generated such allopatric zonation pattern, two kinds of interspecific competition were postulated ; (1)exploitation competition for food and (2)ammensalistic interference by the ghost shrimp bioturbation of sediments on the bivalves. To demonstrate the above mechanism (1), carbon and nitrogen stable isotope studies were conducted. The diet-tissue isotopic fractionation experimentally measured for the … More three species in the laboratory gave the value of 2‰ for carbon in the ghost shrimp, which was different from the currently accepted values (0-1‰). The application of the fractionation values to the field data has revealed that the food sources for the three species, was restricted to estuarine phytoplankton. The population biomass of the bivalves and the ghost shrimp was estimated at 368 ton and 371 ton, respectively. These results strongly suggest the existence of exploitation competition for food. Concerning the above mechanism (2), a field experiment was conducted, excluding the ghost shrimp from a 2×2m plot with a control plot (8 replicates). Six months later, however, no significant difference in the juvenile bivalve density between the two plots was detected. Under natural conditions, the density of juvenile R.philippinarum was highest in the lowest tidal zone, which was basically followed with bivalve growth for a while. Later adult bivalves had been dispersed as far as the upper part of the lower zone. By contrast, the density of both juvenile and adult M.veneriformis was consistently highest in the middle zone. The stability of the sediment surface was contrastingly different between these tidal zones. It was strongly suggested that substrate stability would be needed for the survival of R.philippinarum and that M.veneriformis would be adapted to unstable substrates. Less

在日本九州西部有源湾中部白川河入海口的潮间带沙滩上，有三种大型底栖动物占据主导地位，面积为4.1 km2。它们是两种双壳类(菲律宾双壳类和Mactra veneriformis)，以及生活在一个很深的洞穴中的鬼虾(Nihonotrypaea Japan Onica)。菲律宾对虾和性色对虾分别分布在50%的滩涂的下潮带和中潮带，而日本对虾则分布在其余滩涂的上部。作为产生这种异地带状格局的一种可能机制，推测了两种种间竞争：(1)对食物的掠夺竞争；(2)幽灵虾对双壳类沉积物的生物扰动。为了证明上述机理(1)，进行了碳、氮稳定同位素研究。…的饮食组织同位素分馏实验测量实验室中还有三个物种给出了幽灵虾中碳的值2‰，这与目前接受的值(0-1‰)不同。将分馏值应用于野外数据表明，这三个物种的食物来源仅限于河口浮游植物。双壳类和鬼虾的种群生物量分别为368吨和371吨。这些结果有力地表明了对食物的开发竞争的存在。针对上述机理(2)，进行了田间试验，排除了2×2m小区和对照小区(8个重复)中的鬼虾。然而，六个月后，两个小区的双壳类幼体密度没有显著差异。在自然条件下，菲律宾罗非鱼幼体密度在低潮带密度最高，此后一段时间基本为双壳类生长。后来，成年双壳类一直分布在下部地带的上部。相比之下，性形支原体幼虫和成虫的密度在中间区域始终最高。这些潮汐带之间的沉积物表面稳定性有很大的不同。这强烈表明底物的稳定性是菲律宾拟青霉生存所必需的，而黄色拟青霉将适应不稳定的底物。较少