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Role of larval dispersal and on-shore transport in the explosion and extinction of marine benthic matapopulations

幼虫扩散和岸上运输在海洋底栖种群爆发和灭绝中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
09640754
负责人：
TAMAKI Akio
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Nagasaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09640754/
关键词：
Umbonium moniliferum extinction and recovery Nihonotrypaea hamandi population explosion and decline Dasyatis akajei Ariake Sound sandflats metapopulation larval dispersal and on-shore transport 絶滅・回復固体群爆発・凋落幼生分散・回帰絶滅有明海砂質干潟

项目摘要

Since 1979, on the Tomioka Bay sandflat in the Ariake-Sound estuarine system, Kyushu, Japan, following the population explosion of the callianassid ghost shrimp, Nihonotrypaea harmandi (Decapoda), its constant high density has been maintained until 1994. From 1995 the population began to decline, with the density in 1999 returning to that in 1979. This would be due to the predation by a stingray, Dasyatis akajei, which has suddenly increased since 1995. The ghost shrimp was a powerful bioturbating key species of the benthic community and has negatively affected many species, including another community key species, the gastropod Umbonium moniliferum. Although the gastropod population went extinct in 1986, it has recovered from 1997. Local populations of any species metapopulation of intertidal sandflats in the present estuarine system, including the Tomioka Bay sandnflat population, can interact through exchanging their larvae. Concerning the source-sink relationship of the local populations between the Tomioka Bay sandflat and other sandflats in relation to the oceanographic conditions of the estuarine system, it was revealed that (1) in the case of U. moniliferum with a 2-d larval period, the relationship is reciprocal due to a swift larval transport due to the strong tidal currents, and the recovery of the Tomioka Bay sandflat population owes its larval source to the extant populations in Ariake Sound, and (2) in the case of N. harmandi with a 3-4-wk larval period, the Tomioka Bay sandlat population can only be a source due to the time-averaged water current field. For the recent population explosion of the ghost shrimp in the entire estuarine system, an increased survival of larvae was suggested as a principal causal factor (e.g. a broad-scale bottom-up effect due to eutrophication). Concerning the recent widespread increase in the stingray population, its top-down effect on each local benthic community was also suggested.

自1979年以来，在日本九州有明湾河口系统的富冈湾沙坪上，继丽纹鬼虾Nihonotrypaea harmandi（十足目）的种群爆炸之后，其恒定的高密度一直保持到1994年。从1995年起，人口开始下降，1999年的密度又回到1979年的水平。这可能是由于自1995年以来突然增加的黄貂鱼（Dasyatis akajei）的捕食。鬼虾是底栖群落的一种强大的生物扰动关键物种，并对许多物种产生了负面影响，包括另一个群落关键物种--腹足动物串珠伞。虽然腹足类的数量在1986年灭绝，但从1997年开始恢复。当前河口系统中潮间沙洲的任何物种集合种群的本地种群，包括富冈湾沙洲种群，都可以通过交换幼虫来相互作用。关于富冈湾与其它河口湾的源-汇关系，研究表明：（1）在U. moniliferum幼虫期为2 d，这种关系是相互的，这是由于强潮流引起的快速幼虫运输，富冈湾滩涂种群的恢复归功于有明湾现存种群的幼虫来源; harmandi的幼虫期为3-4周，由于时间平均的水流场，富冈湾沙鼠种群只能是一个源。对于最近整个河口系统中鬼虾的数量爆炸，幼虫存活率的增加被认为是主要的原因（例如，由于富营养化引起的大规模自下而上的影响）。关于黄貂鱼种群最近普遍增加的问题，也有人提出，黄貂鱼种群自上而下对当地每个底栖生物群落产生了影响。