PROPAGATION, GROWTH AND FLOWERING PHYSIOLOGY OF ENDANGERED SPECEIS ARISAEMA SIKOKIANUM.

A.sikokianum有一个合轴芽，生长周期为两年。5月，花序发生在下部叶腋生枝的顶端。顶端依次分化出佛焰苞和佛焰苞。花原基在9 ~ 10月出现在肉穗花序上。为了验证自花授粉的亲和性，从几个雄性植株收集花粉并冷冻保存一年，当植物的性表达转换为雌性时，用于授粉相同的植物。自花授粉和异花授粉都产生了种子，表明A.sikokianum是自交亲和的。球茎在自然低温条件下休眠至12月中旬解除。打破休眠的有效温度为5℃。营养球茎在5℃低温下生长时间越长，在20℃下生长的萌发天数越短。生殖球茎在5℃下处理时间越长，开花天数越短。盆栽的A.sikokianum植物在28 ℃下生长， 关于我们 14和4%的光照强度到全日照（100%）。测定了发育良好叶片在饱和光强（A_1）附近的CO_2净同化率<sat>和黎明前和白天的叶绿素荧光特性。开花初期，<sat>雌株的光合速率和午间电子传递速率（ETR）均大于雄株。在此时期，随着生长光照强度的增加，雌雄株的光合速率（A_1）<sat>和蒸腾速率（ETR）均增加，中午的光能利用率（ΔF/Fm '）降低。雄株ETR无午间抑制部分归因于更大的非光化学猝灭（NPQ），即成功地耗散多余的光能。中午的ΔF/Fm'下降到晚上才恢复，说明即使在光合能力较小的雄株中，慢性光抑制也是可以避免的。开花后，A_1<sat>和ETR下降，傍晚ΔF/Fm'没有恢复。然而，在低光水平（4和14%），类似的光合特性之间的男性和女性的植物和/或光强度。这些结果表明，生长在弱光下的相思植物具有维持光合生产力的机制，而与性别表达和光照强度无关。雌性植物的生产力将得到支持，在叶片水平上更大的光合能力，从开始的新梢扩展和开花。少

A.sikokianum has a sympodial shoot with a two-year growth cycle. Inflorescence initiation occurred on the apex of the axillary shoot of the lower leaf in May. The apex initiated the spathe and spadix in succession. Floral primodia appeared on the spadix from September to October. In order to verify self-compatibility in A.sikokianum, pollen that was collected from several male plants and cryopreserved for a year was used to pollinate to the same plants when the sexual expression of the plants converted to female. Both self- and cross-pollinated spadices produced seeds, indicating that A.sikokianum is self-compatible. Dormancy of corms broke when corms were exposed to natural low temperature until middle December. Effective temperatures for breaking dormancy was 5℃. Vegetative corms exposed to low temperatures at 5℃ longer showed shorter days to sprout when grown at 20℃. Reproductive corms treated at 5℃ longer showed shorter days to flower. Potted A.sikokianum plants were grown under 28 … More , 14 and 4% of light intensity to full sunlight (100%) at an experimental field. Net CO_2 assimilation rate near saturating irradiance (A_<sat>) and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at predawn and daytime were measured for well-developed leaves. At the beginning of flowering, A_<sat> and electron transport rate (ETR) in midday were greater in female plants than those of male plants. Both in the male and the female plants at this period, A_<sat> and ETR increased, and light use efficiency (ΔF/Fm') in the midday decreased with the intensity of growing light. No midday depression of ETR in the male plants would be partly ascribed to greater non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a successful dissipation of excess light energy. The decrease of ΔF/Fm' in the midday recovered until evening, suggesting that chronic photoinhibition can be avoided even in the male plants with smaller photosynthetic capacity. After the flowering, A_<sat> and ETR were decreased and ΔF/Fm' did not recover in the evening. However, at the low light levels (4 and 14%), similar photosynthetic characteristics were shown between the male and the female plants and/or light intensities. These results suggest that A.sikokianum plants growing in the low light have mechanisms to maintain photosynthetic productivity irrespective of sex expressions and light intensities. The productivity of female plants would be supported by greater photosynthetic capacity at the leaf level from the beginning of shoot expansion and flowering. Less