Climate, Famine, and Plague: A Pilot Study of the 14th-century Mass Graves of Erfurt from an Interdisciplinary Perspective

气候、饥荒和瘟疫:从跨学科角度对爱尔福特 14 世纪万人坑进行的初步研究

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    464607492
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    德国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    德国
  • 起止时间:
    2020-12-31 至 2023-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The proposal aims at the localization and rough dating of two mass graves of the 14th century in Erfurt, which presumably contain many hundreds of dead of the Great Famine 1315-21 and the Black Death 1347-1352. The proposal is to be understood as a pilot project that aims to clarify the geoarchaeological conditions and the historical lore of both mass graves. Therefore, the main applicants come from the disciplins of medieval history and physical geography, while paleogenetics, archaeology, anthropology and dendrochronology will have flanking functions until the main proposal. The aim is to create the basis for a follow-up project, which will then address the question of how environmental changes, famine, and the outbreak of infectious diseases are related to each other, with equal involvement of all the disciplines mentioned above. What is unique about the Erfurt case is that the connection between climate, famine and plague can be studied here in geographical proximity and that the mass graves are still accessible today. The following goals are to be achieved in the course of the proposed project:(1) A systematic overview of the edited and archival material on Erfurt during the period under study, but also on the excavation sites in their further history up to the present.(2) To clarify which hydroclimatic proxy data, but also which written documents are available to reconstruct the climatic conditions in and around Erfurt in the 14th century, but also across the Central German region.(3) Exploration of the cultural and historical background of both events with high mortality, beyond the research on the memorial processions. A first step is to examine toponyms around Erfurt and too look for references to famine, mass mortality and plague.(4) The precise localization and verification of the mass graves of Schmidtstedt and Neuseß by non-invasive methods of geophysical prospection, but also by minimally invasive methods like direct push-sensing and vibracoring.(5) From the drill cores taken by the minimally invasive methods, micro charcoal pieces and organic remains (bone fragments) will be examined at the investigation sites using the C14 method to verify their chronological assignment to the 14th century.(6) Finally, the project results will be published as a joint article that demonstrates exploration methods and the further potential of the pilot study for interdisciplinary work on the interrelation between environmental changes and human societies using the example of Erfurt in the crisis of the 14th century between Great Famine and Black Death.The pilot study is thus the prelude to an interdisciplinary cooperation of high contemporary relevance on the one hand, but also of great importance within medieval history and the historically working natural sciences.
该提案旨在确定埃尔富特的两个世纪万人坑的位置和粗略的年代,这些万人坑可能包含数百名死于1315- 1321年大饥荒和1347-1352年黑死病的人。该提议应被理解为一个试点项目,旨在澄清这两个万人坑的地质考古条件和历史传说。因此,主要的申请者来自中世纪历史和自然地理学,而古遗传学,考古学,人类学和树木年代学将在主要提案之前发挥辅助作用。其目的是为后续项目奠定基础,然后在上述所有学科的平等参与下,解决环境变化、饥荒和传染病爆发之间的相互关系问题。埃尔富特的独特之处在于,气候、饥荒和瘟疫之间的联系可以在地理上接近的地方进行研究,而且今天仍然可以进入万人坑。在拟议的项目过程中,将实现以下目标:(1)系统地概述所研究期间有关埃尔富特的编辑和档案材料,以及迄今为止发掘地点的进一步历史。(2)为了澄清哪些水文气候代用数据,以及哪些书面文件可用于重建世纪埃尔富特及其周围的气候条件,以及整个德国中部地区。(3)除了对纪念游行的研究之外,还对这两个死亡率很高的事件的文化和历史背景进行了探索。第一步是检查埃尔富特周围的地名,并寻找与饥荒、大规模死亡和瘟疫有关的参考资料。(4)通过地球物理勘探的非侵入性方法,以及直接推压传感和振动钻孔等微创方法,对施密特施泰特和纽塞韦尔万人坑进行精确定位和核查。(5)将使用C14方法在调查地点检查通过微创方法采集的岩芯、微炭片和有机物残留物(骨碎片),以验证其年代归属于14世纪。(6)最后,该项目的成果将作为联合文章发表,以世纪大饥荒和黑死病危机中的埃尔富特为例,展示环境变化和人类社会之间相互关系的跨学科研究的探索方法和进一步潜力。因此,该试点研究是在环境变化和人类社会之间进行具有高度当代意义的跨学科合作的前奏。一方面,但也非常重要的中世纪历史和历史上工作的自然科学。

项目成果

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