Short- and long-term bonding effectiveness of simplified-step adhesives bonded to tooth substrate with clinical smear-layer

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(1)Short-term bonding effectiveness1)Effect of surface difference to be bondedIt is important to select a bur for preparation of the tooth surface in order to achieve a better tooth/adhesive bond, when using self-etching or one-step type adhesives2)Classification of resin/dentin interface produced by simplified-step adhesivesOne-step self-etching adhesives could be classified into three categories, etch-and-rinse type, mild self-etching type, and nano-interaction zone type, by their morphological appearance of the interface. It was proposed that "Nano-interaction zone" is a new complementary classification for partially demineralized resin-dentin inter-diffusion zones.(2)Long-term bonding effectiveness1)Two-step mild self-etching adhesiveThe results of this research supported the concept that long-term durability of adhesive-dentin bonds depended on the chemical bonding potential of the functional monomer.2)One-step adhesiveThe results of a 100,000-cycle thermo-stress experiment suggested that a certain degree of degradation in the resin-dentin interface occurred and it depended on the adhesives used.(3)Comparative study on adhesive performance of functional monomersBesides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers had additional chemical bonding efficacy that was expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.Further research should be performed on the smear layer that might affect the bonding effectiveness of the simplified-step adhesive systems.