A vision of Nursing University Graduates in their Early Career Period and Role of the employers

研究目的：1)明确应届大学毕业生如何看待临床经验作为自己的职业，以及他们如何找到自己的职业锚；2)找出影响他们职业愿景的因素。方法：对13名具有1~4年临床经验的大学毕业生进行访谈和收集。数据采用定性分析和扎根理论相结合的方法进行分析。采访是在他们同意的情况下录制的，并被转录下来。访谈分为三个阶段：1)选择四年制大学的原因，2)从进入大学到职业决策的过程，3)工作环境的经历。结果与讨论：定性分析的结果发现了4个共同因素：自尊丧失、自尊恢复、寻求独立、建立职业目标。并指出了三种类型的职业锚：1)技术/功能能力，2)自主/独立，3)生活方式。其中，1)技术/功能能力是主要类型，所有受访者都希望有时间和经验作为独立的卫生保健专业人员履行临床职责。根据这项研究的结果，毕业生需要时间和经验来适应工作环境。在没有足够的支持系统的情况下，雇主应该谨慎要求临床能力，因为最近的毕业生可能会感到失败而辞去工作。这项研究在美国南加州分会第十次联合护理研究会议上发表。二零零五年

Purposes :The purpose of this research were 1) to define how recent college graduates thought about clinical experiences as their profession and how they find their career anchor, and 2) to identify influencing factors in regards to their career visions.Methods :We conducted interviews and collected from 13 college graduated nurses who had 1 to 4 years clinical experiences. The data was analyzed by using qualitative analysis with a grounded theory approach. The interview was recorded with their consent, and transcribed. The interview was divided three phases as follow ; 1) the reason for select four-year college, 2) the process from entrance of a college to career decision, 3) experiences from working environment.Results & Discussions :The results of qualitative analysis detected 4 common factors : a loss of self-esteem, recovery of self-esteem, seeking independency, and building of career goals. And also indicated three type of career anchors such as 1) Technical/Functional competence, 2) Autonomy/Independence, 3) Lifestyle. Among these, 1) Technical/Functional competence was major type and all interviewees sought time and experience to perform clinical duties as an independent health care professional.Early termination of work is a problem among recent university graduates. Based on the results of this study, the graduates need time and experience to adopt to work environment. The employers should be careful in demanding clinical competency without an adequate support system, since the recent graduates might feel failure and quit their job.This research presented at TENTH JOINT SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTERS NURSING RESEARCH CONFERENCE, USA. 2005