Sensory strategies and behavioural algorithms in predator-prey-interactions

捕食者与猎物相互作用中的感觉策略和行为算法

• 批准号: 464869890
• 负责人: Dr. Holger R. Goerlitz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsgruppe Akustische und Funktionelle Ökologie (aufgelöst)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/464869890?language=en
• 关键词: Sensory; strategies; behavioural; algorithms; predator

Sensing and acting of animals form a tightly integrated loop. Sensory systems provide animals with information about their surroundings, and motor systems implement the behavioural actions. Behavioural algorithms are the rules that map the sensory input to adaptive motor output. Predator-prey-interaction occur everywhere in nature and pose a strong selection pressure on both predators and prey. Sensory and behavioural strategies are crucial part of predator-prey-interactions, particularly well documented in the visual system, including camouflage and visually-guided pursuit and escape. Pursuit and escape are great models to study the sensory strategies and behavioural algorithms of predators and prey, as they serve a clearly identifiable goal and can be experimentally tracked and mathematically described. Here, I propose a combined empirical and theoretical approach to investigate sensory strategies and behavioural algorithms in predators and prey that are guided by auditory information, namely echolocating bats and eared moths. Investigating auditory-guided predator-prey-interactions in comparison to the better-known visual strategies is crucial for obtaining a general understanding of behavioural algorithms including common principles as well as fundamental differences between sensory systems.I will develop, calibrate and describe advanced technologies for the 3D-tracking of free-flying bats and for real-time closed-loop experiments with flying bats based on virtual realities and biomimetic robotic prey. I will empirically measure sensory acoustic cues provided by moths, including flight sounds, and time-variant echo information, and quantify how much scales contribute to acoustic camouflage. In experiments with free-flying echolocating bats in the field and lab, I will empirically test the effectiveness of different antipredator strategies (acoustic camouflage, cessation of wingbeats, and dropping to the ground). Furthermore, I will isolate the prey-generated acoustic cues that echolocating bats rely on to detect and select free-flying moths, how they pursue evading moths, and I will model the control rules underlying their attacks on prey.In a modelling approach, I will divide negative phonotaxis, which is the first line of evasive defence of eared moths, into three consecutive behavioural algorithms. I will use community-wide data of hearing thresholds, flight kinematics and bat call parameters to model mutual detection distances, and to parametrize models of bat search and moth evasive flight. In different modelling approaches, I will test the constant-buffer-hypothesis of negative phonotaxis, predict the minimally required hearing thresholds of moths for successful escape, and develop a large-scale sensory-motor-model to delineate the effectiveness and costs of moth evasive flight.

动物的感觉和行为形成了一个紧密结合的循环。感觉系统为动物提供有关其周围环境的信息，运动系统执行行为动作。行为算法是将感觉输入映射到自适应运动输出的规则。捕食者-被捕食者相互作用在自然界中无处不在，对捕食者和被捕食者都构成了强大的选择压力。感觉和行为策略是捕食者-猎物相互作用的重要组成部分，特别是在视觉系统中有很好的记录，包括伪装和视觉引导的追求和逃跑。追逐和逃跑是研究捕食者和猎物的感觉策略和行为算法的绝佳模型，因为它们具有明确的目标，并且可以通过实验跟踪和数学描述。在这里，我提出了一个经验和理论相结合的方法来研究感官策略和行为算法的捕食者和猎物，是由听觉信息，即回声定位蝙蝠和耳蛾。与更广为人知的视觉策略相比，研究听觉引导的捕食者与猎物的相互作用对于获得行为算法的一般理解至关重要，包括共同原则以及感觉系统之间的根本差异。我将开发，校准和描述自由飞行蝙蝠的3D跟踪和实时封闭的先进技术，基于虚拟现实和仿生机器人猎物的飞行蝙蝠循环实验。我将凭经验测量飞蛾提供的感官声学线索，包括飞行声音和随时间变化的回声信息，并量化有多少规模有助于声学伪装。在野外和实验室中自由飞行的回声定位蝙蝠的实验中，我将根据经验测试不同的反捕食策略（声学伪装，停止翅膀跳动，并下降到地面）的有效性。此外，我将隔离猎物产生的声学线索，回声定位蝙蝠依靠检测和选择自由飞行的飞蛾，他们如何追求逃避飞蛾，我将模型的控制规则，其攻击prey.In建模方法，我将分为负趋声性，这是第一道防线逃避耳朵飞蛾，到三个连续的行为算法。我将使用社区范围内的听力阈值，飞行运动学和蝙蝠呼叫参数的数据来模拟相互检测距离，并参数化蝙蝠搜索和蛾逃避飞行的模型。在不同的建模方法，我将测试恒定的缓冲假设的负趋声性，预测最低限度所需的听力阈值的蛾成功逃脱，并开发一个大规模的感觉运动模型来描绘蛾逃避飞行的有效性和成本。