Auditory-guided behaviour at two extremes of sensory processing

感觉处理两个极端的听觉引导行为

• 批准号: 241711556
• 负责人: Dr. Holger R. Goerlitz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsgruppe Akustische und Funktionelle Ökologie (aufgelöst)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Independent Junior Research Groups
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/241711556?language=en
• 关键词: Auditory; guided; behaviour; two; extremes

Predator-prey interactions are key to the survival of most animals: predators need to eat, while prey need to survive. This reciprocal dynamic lead to the diffuse co-evolution of various adaptations for optimized attack and escape. Besides structural, morphological and anatomical adaptations, like armour or muscle mass, sensorial and behavioural strategies are a key component for both predators and prey. Both need to detect and localise each other to elicit behavioural responses, and both employ sensory strategies to prevent detection, such as camouflage. While visual sensory strategies that mediate the coexistence of predators and prey are well studied, this is not the case for sensory strategies in the auditory domain, which I will investigate here.Predators, like any animal, constantly experience an overload of environmental information, of which only a small part is behaviourally relevant and which needs to be filtered and selected by appropriate sensori-cognitive processes. In the predator subproject, I will investigate the prey detection and selection strategies of the barbastelle bat. Based on my previous observations, I hypothesize that this specialized hunter exploits multiple sensory cues to detect fluttering insects, including prey-generated sounds and time-variant echo-patterns generated by the prey’s wingbeat. I will characterize those sensory cues and will test their perception as a novel sensory strategy of a bat that emits calls with short duration. Integrating multiple sensory cues would make prey information perceptually more salient and better detectable within the overload of environmental information.Prey species that communicate with highly conspicuous song seem to be maladapted to the predation threat by eavesdropping predators. The prey subproject will extend my model systems to include the singing bushcricket Ruspolia nitidula, which emits a highly conspicuous and continuous song, is not chemically defended and does not stop singing in response to simulated bat calls, and yet is not consumed by bats. I thus propose that continuously singing species rely on other defence strategies to prevent predation. I will test the hypothesis that singing continuously in groups offers protection from predation because the mammalian auditory system cannot localize individual sound sources in this situation. Secondly, I will test the hypothesis that the song interferes (“jams”) with bat echolocation, in this way even protecting other insects close-by flying from bat predation via short-term acoustic commensalism.

捕食者与猎物的相互作用是大多数动物生存的关键：捕食者需要进食，而猎物需要生存。这种互惠的动态导致了各种适应的扩散共同进化，以优化攻击和逃跑。除了结构、形态和解剖学上的适应，如盔甲或肌肉块，感觉和行为策略是捕食者和猎物的关键组成部分。两者都需要检测和定位对方以引起行为反应，并且都使用感官策略来防止检测，例如伪装。虽然调节捕食者和猎物共存的视觉感觉策略已经得到了很好的研究，但在听觉领域的感觉策略却并非如此，我将在这里进行研究。捕食者和任何动物一样，不断经历超载的环境信息，其中只有一小部分与行为相关，需要通过适当的感觉认知过程来过滤和选择。在捕食者子项目中，我将研究羽毛蝙蝠的猎物检测和选择策略。根据我之前的观察，我推测这种专门的猎人利用多种感官线索来探测飞舞的昆虫，包括猎物发出的声音和猎物翅膀拍打产生的时变回声模式。我将描述这些感官线索，并将它们的感知测试为蝙蝠的一种新的感官策略，这种蝙蝠发出的叫声持续时间较短。整合多个感官线索将使猎物信息在过载的环境信息中更加显著和更容易被检测到。通过窃听捕食者进行交流的猎物物种似乎对捕食威胁不适应。Prey子项目将扩展我的模型系统，将会唱歌的两色蟋蟀Ruspolia nitidula包括在内，它发出一种非常显眼和连续的歌曲，没有化学防御，也不会因为模拟的蝙蝠叫声而停止歌唱，但也不会被蝙蝠吃掉。因此，我建议持续歌唱的物种依靠其他防御策略来防止捕食。我将测试这样一种假设，即在群体中持续唱歌可以保护动物免受捕食，因为哺乳动物的听觉系统在这种情况下无法定位单个声源。其次，我将测试这首歌干扰蝙蝠回声定位的假设，通过这种方式，甚至通过短期的声学共生保护其他昆虫免受蝙蝠的捕食。

项目成果

Akustische Tarnkappen und gespitzte Ohren

声学隐形斗篷和立耳

• DOI: 10.17617/1.8i
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Goerlitz HR

Modeling active sensing reveals echo detection even in large groups of bats

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821722116
• 发表时间: 2019-12-26
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Beleyur, Thejasvi;Goerlitz, Holger R.
• 通讯作者: Goerlitz, Holger R.