Prevention of heat-induced disorders frequently observed in elderly people living at home-Preparation of a preventive program based on a survey of the summertime water balance and daily activities and its effectiveness)

这项为期两年的研究的目的是阐明老年人的水平衡、饮料摄入行为和日常活动，并制定一个预防健康老年人热致疾病的方案。2003年，我们对老年人的水平衡、身体活动、饮料摄入行为等生活方面进行了研究，提取了影响老年人水平衡和饮料摄入行为的因素。2004年，我们在前一年的数据基础上编制了一个方案，并初步应用。得到了以下结果：无热致疾病史的健康老年人在盛夏期间通过减少活动和摄入与活动相平衡的食物和饮料来调整生活方式。至于应对炎热的措施，许多老年人经常故意喝茶或喝水，并保持自己的饮酒时间表。他们中没有多少人因为暖气的使用而避免外出，但他们中的许多人在外出时戴着帽子或打着遮阳伞。为了支持老年人饮水，重要的是要有效地将饮料摄入行为纳入预防热致疾病的计划中。促进有效的饮料摄入行为的计划要点是：1)提供正确的饮料摄入知识；2)使老年人能够根据自己的身体状况准确地估计所需的饮水量；3)鼓励他们安排自己的饮料摄入行为以确保足够的饮水量；4)在需要支持的情况下，让护理人员充分了解这些事情。在上述1和2的基础上，我们对健康老年人进行了“预防热致失调”的讲座，并在联合医学期刊上发表了关于饮料摄入的可取指导。讲座和文章没有得到充分评价。虽然饮料摄入的必要性和支持方法在总体上已经得到了明确，但我们的初步方案是否促进了实际的饮料摄入行为，还需要进一步的观察。少

The objectives of this 2-year study were to clarify the water balance, beverage intake behavior, and daily activities of elderly people and to develop a program for the prevention of heat-induced disorders in healthy elderly people. In 2003, we studied the water balance, physical activities, beverage intake behavior, and other aspects of life in elderly people and extracted factors that affect their water balance and beverage intake behavior. In 2004, on the basis of the data obtained in the previous year, we prepared a program and tentatively applied it. The following results were obtained.1.Healthy elderly people with no history of heat-induced disorders adjusted their lifestyles during midsummer by reducing their activities and ingesting food and beverages in quantities balanced with the activities. As for measures to cope with the heat, many elderly people frequently and deliberately drank tea or water by keeping their own drinking schedules. Not many of them avoided going out beca … More use of heat, but many of them wore hats or used parasols in going out.2.For supporting elderly people in drinking water, it is important to effectively incorporate beverage intake behavior in a program for the prevention of heat-induced disorders. Points in the program to promote effective beverage intake behavior are 1)providing correct knowledge about beverage intake, 2)making elderly people able to accurately estimate the necessary water intake from their own physical conditions, 3)encouraging them to schedule their beverage intake behavior to ensure sufficient water intake, and 4), in those who need support, having the carers sufficiently understand these matters.3.On the basis of 1 and 2 above, we gave lectures to healthy elderly people on the "prevention of heat-induced disorders" and published articles on desirable guidance concerning beverage intake in journals for co-medicals. The lectures and articles have not been sufficiently evaluated.Although the necessity of beverage intake and methods for supporting it have been clarified in general, further observation is needed to evaluate whether our tentative program promotes the actual beverage intake behavior. Less