Prevention of heat-induced disorders frequently observed in elderly people living at home-Preparation of a preventive program based on a survey of the summertime water balance and daily activities and its effectiveness)

这项为期2年的研究旨在阐明老年人的水平衡、饮料摄入行为和日常活动，并制定一项预防健康老年人热诱导疾病的计划。2003年，我们研究了老年人的水平衡、身体活动、饮料摄入行为和生活的其他方面，并提取了影响其水平衡和饮料摄入行为的因素。2004年，我们在前一年数据的基础上，编制了一个方案并进行了初步应用，得到了以下结果：1.无中暑史的健康老年人在盛夏通过减少活动量和摄入与活动量相平衡的食物和饮料来调整生活方式。至于科普炎热的措施，许多老年人经常故意喝茶或喝水，保持自己的饮酒时间表。他们中没有多少人避免外出， 关于我们 2.为了支持老年人饮水，重要的是有效地将饮料摄入行为纳入预防热诱导疾病的计划中。促进有效饮料摄入行为的方案要点是1）提供关于饮料摄入的正确知识，2）使老年人能够从自己的身体状况准确估计必要的水摄入量，3）鼓励他们安排自己的饮料摄入行为，以确保足够的水摄入量，4）在那些需要支持的人中，3.在上述1和2的基础上，我们对健康的老年人进行了关于“预防热引起的疾病”的讲座，并在合作医学杂志上发表了关于饮料摄入的理想指导的文章。对讲座和文章的评价还不够充分。虽然饮料摄入的必要性和支持它的方法已经基本阐明，但需要进一步观察，以评估我们的试验计划是否促进了实际的饮料摄入行为。少

The objectives of this 2-year study were to clarify the water balance, beverage intake behavior, and daily activities of elderly people and to develop a program for the prevention of heat-induced disorders in healthy elderly people. In 2003, we studied the water balance, physical activities, beverage intake behavior, and other aspects of life in elderly people and extracted factors that affect their water balance and beverage intake behavior. In 2004, on the basis of the data obtained in the previous year, we prepared a program and tentatively applied it. The following results were obtained.1.Healthy elderly people with no history of heat-induced disorders adjusted their lifestyles during midsummer by reducing their activities and ingesting food and beverages in quantities balanced with the activities. As for measures to cope with the heat, many elderly people frequently and deliberately drank tea or water by keeping their own drinking schedules. Not many of them avoided going out beca … More use of heat, but many of them wore hats or used parasols in going out.2.For supporting elderly people in drinking water, it is important to effectively incorporate beverage intake behavior in a program for the prevention of heat-induced disorders. Points in the program to promote effective beverage intake behavior are 1)providing correct knowledge about beverage intake, 2)making elderly people able to accurately estimate the necessary water intake from their own physical conditions, 3)encouraging them to schedule their beverage intake behavior to ensure sufficient water intake, and 4), in those who need support, having the carers sufficiently understand these matters.3.On the basis of 1 and 2 above, we gave lectures to healthy elderly people on the "prevention of heat-induced disorders" and published articles on desirable guidance concerning beverage intake in journals for co-medicals. The lectures and articles have not been sufficiently evaluated.Although the necessity of beverage intake and methods for supporting it have been clarified in general, further observation is needed to evaluate whether our tentative program promotes the actual beverage intake behavior. Less