Study of proof about oral life story approach for geriatric health service facility residents

摘要本研究旨在探讨访安老人透过向他人讲述自己的人生故事，重建自我及重视剩余生命的过程，并探讨以口述的人生故事作为护理计划，支持长者生命发展的可能性及问题。八对护理员和老年人进行了三到五次面对面访谈。结果：(1)观察到护理人员对老年人及其护理的思想和态度的变化：“我完全理解病人。”“我对病人产生了兴趣。”通过这种交谈和倾听的关系，“我建立了我的信心”，“我更仔细地照顾他们”，“我改变了对其他老年人的看法”，通过采访，“我在与病人的关系中体会到了快乐和满足。”(2)采用日文版“E.H. Erikson发展任务实现量表”评估养老机构老年人访谈前后发展任务实现的变化。在Erikson指定的8个阶段的量表中，访谈后的“生成性”和“识别性”显著增加。(3)对生活故事访谈互动的变化也进行了调查：对其中一对访谈内容的详细分析表明，重复对方所说的话并点头倾听，可以鼓励更广泛、更深入的生活故事内容，并提示采访者认真倾听重复多次的情节的重要性。九对研究人员和老年护理机构的人员进行了五到九次面对面访谈。在访谈前后分别使用上述量表对五对进行评估。访谈前后8个阶段的得分均无显著差异。

The objective of this study was to investigate the process by which the elderly who visited aged care facilities reconstructed themselves and valued their remaining life by telling their life story to others, and to examine the possibility and issues of the oral life story as a nursing program supporting the life-span development of the elderly.1. Eight pairs of care staff and persons in aged care facilities performed a face-to-face interview three to five times. As a result, (1) changes in care staff thought and attitude regarding the elderly and their care were observed: "I fully understood the patient." "I got interested in the patients." And through the experience of this talking and listening relationship, "I built up my confidence," "I cared for them more carefully," "I changed my opinion about other elderly people," and through interviews, "I realized pleasure and satisfaction in my relationship with patients." Next, (2) changes in developmental task fulfillment were assessed before and after interviews of elderly in aged care facilities, using the Japanese version of the "E.H. Erikson Developmental Task Fulfillment Scales." Of scales in the 8 stages specified by Erikson, "Generativity" and "Identification" after interview were significantly increased. (3) Changes in interaction by life story interview were also investigated : detailed analysis of interview contents of one pair showed that repeating what the other said and listening to him/her with a nod encouraged wider and deeper life story content, and suggested the importance of the interviewer seriously listening to episodes that were repeated many times.2. Nine pairs of researchers and persons in aged care facilities performed face-to-face interviews five to nine times. Five pairs were assessed before and after the interview, using the above mentioned Scales. No significant differences were found between before and after interview in scores of 8 stages.