Present status of articulation from comprehensive high school and vocational high school to university in science education

本研究梳理了日本从综合高中、职业高中到理科大学衔接的现状。1.对日本809所技工高中、商业高中和综合高中的学生上大学情况进行了问卷调查(收集率为45.6%)。结果是，无论是技术高中还是商业高中，上大学的学生都有增加的趋势，而且这些高中在大学学位上存在差异。综合高中升学率高于职业高中，但升学率分为两类。与此同时，在所有高中，大多数学生通过特殊筛选进入大学，即使在100多名学生进入大学的高中，通过成绩考试进入大学的学生也很少。例如，很少有职业高中设置普通的Subj…更多的科目，如数学III和物理II，这是在个人入学考试中测试的，到正规科目。开设补习课的比例较高，但开设正规课程和升学班级的比例较低。2.对11所积极开展升学工作的中专和综合高中的校长进行了问卷调查。结果，澄清了这些高中计划在大学继续教育的前提下培养学生。此外，根据其规划，它被分为4个类别。A)以新的理念重组为专科高中；B)以特色学科为重点进行学校重组；C)将学校重组为综合性学校；D)在不改变学校根本的情况下，积极开展学生上大学的工作。这四种类型是受地区需求、传统需求、成就需求和教师人事变动的影响而决定的。3.在问卷调查和追踪研究中，有确凿的证据表明，学生在普通系、技术系等部门的选修科目数和学分的差异来自于学生入学后的影响学习。然而，有一个例子发现，无论学生通过何种筛选方法进入大学，高中时对科学和数学的不完全理解都会对入学后的学习产生不良影响。较少

This research clarified present status of articulation from comprehensive high school and vocational high school to university of science education in Japan as described below.1.We conducted a survey of students' going to university by questionnaire to 809 technical high schools, commercial high schools and comprehensive high schools in Japan (collection rate was 45.6 percent). The result was that students in both technical and commercial high schools who go to university tend to increase, and a difference was recognized in its degree among these high schools. The rate where students in comprehensive high school go to university is high compared to that of vocational high school, but its rate was divided into two kinds. In the meanwhile, in all high schools, most students go to university by special screening, and few students go to university by achievement test even in high school where more than 100 students go to university. For example, few vocational high schools set general subj … More ect such as mathematics III and physics II, which is tested in individual entrance examination, to regular subject. The rate where supplementary lesson is held is high, but the rate of setting a regular course and class of entering to university is low.2.We conducted a survey by listening to principals of 11 technical high schools and comprehensive high schools, which work on students' going to university actively. As a result, it was clarified that these high schools planned to grow students premised on continuing education in university. In addition, by its planning, it was divided into 4 categories. A) School reorganized into specialized high school with new concept B) School reorganized by focusing on subject with characteristics C) School reorganized into comprehensive school D) School working on students' going to university actively without changing fundamentals of school. These 4 types are assumed to be decided by being influenced by needs in area, tradition, achievement and personnel changes of teachers.3.In survey by questionnaire and pursuit research, a firm evidence where a difference of number of subjects students take and credits taken by them arising out of department such as general and technical department in high school they came from influences study of students after entrance was not recognized. An example, however, was found that, by whatever screening method students enter a university, incomplete understanding of science and mathematics in high school gives ill influence upon study after entrance. Less