Regulation of cytokine growth factor inhibits anakylosis and root resorption in transplanted teeth

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While many studies reported the structural changes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) under hypofunctional conditions, the associations of cytokine growth factors are still unclear. They are known to take part in inflammation, and may affect the biological properties of hypofunctional tooth. To investigate the hypofunctional PDL and the recovery from this condition, we focused on interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). The lack of occlusal stimuli caused atrophic changes in the PDL with the upregulation of IL-1 and decreased expression of FGF-2, while decreased IL-1 and enhanced FGF-2 expression were observed in the recovery process. These results suggest that occlusal stimuli regulate IL-1 and FGF-2 expression, and the nature of this regulation may differ from that in the healing process of an inflammatory reaction.Our study also revealed that the occlusal stimuli promote the proliferation and differentiation of PDL cells with enhanced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, while the lack of occlusal stimuli reduced the NO synthesis and induced atrophic changes in PDL which resulted in the dentoalveolar ankylosis.Those results clarified that the mechanical stimulus, such as occlusal force, is an important factor for the regeneration of PDL, which could be regulated by NO and cytokine growth factors.