Mountain ecosystems facing global warming: study of impact of snow cover parameters on microbial communities of nivicolous myxomycetes

面临全球变暖的山地生态系统：积雪参数对雪毛粘菌微生物群落的影响研究

• 批准号: 465228910
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Martin Schnittler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Laboratory for Systematics and Geography of Fungi
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/465228910?language=en
• 关键词: Mountain; ecosystems; facing; global; warming

In Europe, vanishing glaciers – especially in the Alps – became a symbol for a period of rapid warming, also causing upward shifts of vegetation belts. Consequences are well studied for larger animals and vascular plants, but how will microbial communities adapt? We want to study potential responses in a group of protists, which are flagship species of undersnow microbial communities of the uppermost soil layer: the nivicolous myxomycetes. These predators of bacteria need a contiguous snow cover of several months to form macroscopic fructifications, which release airborne spores for long-distance dispersal. Through surveys of fruit bodies (via morphological assessment and genetic barcoding) and amoebal populations (via metabarcoding, both based on ribosomal DNA), we will assess genetic diversity, dispersal potential and resilience of nivicolous myxomycetes in relation to changes in snow cover. We will establish two transects spanning lowland regions (northern Germany / northern Poland, 0-300 m); low mountains (Harz / Sudetes, 600-1600 m); and high mountains (German Alps / Tatra Mts., 1000-2900 m). For each region we will establish 1-4 sites at different elevations to monitor fructifications and amoebal populations over three years. Both data sets will be used to estimate genetic diversity and dispersal abilities, explore the limits of population persistence under unstable climatic conditions, and model suitable belts for persistence of both amoebal and fruiting populations under climate-change scenarios.In contrast to studies of dispersal-limited alpine organisms, like vascular plants, this project will target a microbial group capable of long-distance dispersal. We hypothesize that (1) fructification propensity decreases with decreasing duration of snow cover and increasing risk of soil frost; (2) suitable belts for fruiting, i.e. actively dispersing, species move upwards with climate change but may face the limits of soil formation in high altitudes; (3) taller and larger mountain massifs are more diverse (at both the species and ribotype level) than smaller and lower ones, but many species may be able to endure as non-fruiting “sink” populations of amoebae at lower elevations. We will combine the taxonomic expertise of the Polish partner with barcoding and metabarcoding tools developed by the German partner to define the ecological requirements for this group of organisms more sharply and model possible reactions of myxomycete populations to unstable and/or disappearing snow cover.

在欧洲，消失的冰川--特别是阿尔卑斯山的冰川--成为快速变暖时期的象征，也导致植被带向上移动。对于大型动物和维管植物的后果已经有了很好的研究，但是微生物群落如何适应呢？我们想研究一组原生生物的潜在反应，这是最上层土壤的雪下微生物群落的旗舰物种：雪栖黏菌。这些细菌的捕食者需要连续几个月的积雪才能形成肉眼可见的果实，从而释放出空气传播的孢子进行远距离传播。通过调查的子实体（通过形态评估和遗传条形码）和变形虫种群（通过metabarcoding，都基于核糖体DNA），我们将评估雪栖黏菌的遗传多样性，扩散潜力和弹性在雪盖的变化。我们将建立两个横跨低地地区（北方德国/北方波兰，0-300 m）、低山（哈茨/苏台德，600-1600 m）和高山（德国阿尔卑斯山/塔特拉山，1000-2900米）。对于每个地区，我们将在不同海拔建立1-4个站点，以在三年内监测果实和变形虫种群。这两个数据集将用于估计遗传多样性和扩散能力，探索在不稳定的气候条件下种群持续存在的极限，并模拟气候变化情景下阿米巴种群和果实种群持续存在的合适地带，与对扩散有限的高山生物（如维管植物）的研究相比，该项目将针对能够长距离扩散的微生物群体。我们假设：（1）结实倾向随着积雪持续时间的减少和土壤霜冻风险的增加而降低;（2）适合结实的地带，即积极扩散的物种随着气候变化而向上移动，但在高海拔地区可能面临土壤形成的限制;（3）较高和较大的山地鸟类多样性更高（在物种和核糖体型水平）比较小和较低的，但许多物种可能能够忍受作为非结果的“汇”种群的阿米巴在较低的海拔。我们将联合收割机波兰合作伙伴的分类学专业知识与德国合作伙伴开发的条形码和元条形码工具相结合，以更明确地定义这组生物体的生态要求，并模拟黏菌种群对不稳定和/或消失的积雪的可能反应。