Tree species responses of western Amazonian floodplain forests to hydro-geomorphic disturbance as tool for predicting impacts caused through river damming and climate change

亚马逊西部洪泛区森林的树种对水文地貌扰动的响应作为预测河流筑坝和气候变化影响的工具

• 批准号: 465418545
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Florian Wittmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie (IFGG)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/465418545?language=en
• 关键词: Tree; species; responses; western; Amazonian

Amazonian floodplain forests along sediment- and nutrient-rich white-water rivers (várzea) are the most species-rich floodplain forests on Earth and provide crucial ecosystem services for large part of Amazonia´s rural population, but their biodiversity and ecological functioning is increasingly threatened through flow regulations as caused by river damming and climate change. While biodiversity, tree species distribution, biomass, growth and primary productivity of várzea forests are relatively well studied in Brazilian lowland Amazonia, significant knowledge gaps exist particularly in the transitional zone between the Andes and the Amazon lowlands (foothill zone), where geomorphic activity of rivers and associated floodplains is extraordinarily high. Because the construction of river dams for hydropower generation is increasing in both the Andes and in the Amazon lowlands, the reaction of the mostly narrowly adapted tree flora to changes in hydrological regimes and associated geomorphic activity is uncertain. Here, we propose to investigate tree species richness, distribution and population structures, as well as flooding-growth responses of Amazonian várzea tree species along the flooding and geomorphic river activity gradients, in three white-water rivers of the Andean-Amazonian transition zone in Bolivia, Southwestern Amazon basin. The species response curves will provide ecological niche models that enable the prediction of tree species optima and niche breadths with reference to occurrence and stem abundance, along the flooding and associated abiotic gradients. The determination of tree ages and of yearly wood increment in selected indicator tree species in addition will provide information on species responses in growth, vitality, productivity, and carbon sequestration. Ultimately, these data shall serve for modelling species and community changes under modified flood pulse regimes in partly or fully dammed Amazonian river basins. Simultaneously, these data will serve as basis to model how modified flood regimes through climate change will affect the floodplain flora, tree species diversity, and forest productivity during the next decades and centuries.

沿着沉积物和营养丰富的白水河（várzea）的亚马逊洪泛平原森林是地球上物种最丰富的洪泛平原森林，为亚马逊大部分农村人口提供重要的生态系统服务，但其生物多样性和生态功能日益受到河流筑坝和气候变化造成的流量管制的威胁。虽然在巴西的低地亚马逊地区，对瓦尔泽亚森林的生物多样性、树种分布、生物量、生长和初级生产力的研究相对较好，但在安第斯山脉和亚马逊低地之间的过渡地带（山麓地带），特别是在河流和相关洪泛平原的地貌活动非常频繁的地方，存在着重大的知识差距。由于在安第斯山脉和亚马逊低地建造用于水力发电的河流大坝的情况越来越多，因此，大多数适应范围狭窄的树木植物群对水文状况和相关地貌活动变化的反应是不确定的。在这里，我们建议调查树种丰富度，分布和种群结构，以及亚马逊河流域的瓦尔兹亚树种沿着洪水和地貌河流活动梯度，在三个白水河在玻利维亚，亚马逊河流域西南部的安第斯-亚马逊河过渡带的生长响应。物种反应曲线将提供生态生态位模型，使预测树种的最佳和生态位宽度参考发生和树干丰富，沿着洪水和相关的非生物梯度。此外，确定选定的指标树种的树龄和年木材生长量将提供关于树种在生长、活力、生产力和碳吸收方面的反应的信息。最后，这些数据将用于模拟部分或全部筑坝的亚马逊河流域在修改后的洪水脉冲制度下的物种和群落变化。同时，这些数据将作为基础，以模拟如何修改洪水制度，通过气候变化将影响洪泛区植物群，树种多样性和森林生产力在未来几十年和几个世纪。