The impacts of the »Ausbildungsduldung« (Tolerated Stay for the Purpose of Vocational Education and Training) on the Educational Integration of Young Refugees: A Participatory and Longitudinal Study

“Ausbildungsduldung”（以职业教育和培训为目的的容忍居留）对年轻难民教育融合的影响：一项参与性和纵向研究

• 批准号: 466396009
• 负责人: Dr. Katharina Wehking
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/466396009?language=en
• 关键词: impacts; Ausbildungsduldung; Tolerated; Stay; Purpose

There is a broad consensus in (inter-)national research on »civic stratification« that the residence status plays a crucial role in the social and vocational positioning of refugees. At the moment, the residence status as a dimension of social inequality is further stressed by the so called »Ausbildungsduldung« (Tolerated stay for the purpose of vocational education and training). According to recent changes in law, it is possible for refugees to receive an »Ausbildungsduldung« for the duration of a qualified vocational training. For many refugees with unresolved residence status, there is a pronounced pressure of time to find a training position as fast as possible in order to secure their stay in Germany. Therefore, the perspective of the »Ausbildungsduldung« has a direct impact on their career choice. Thus, their career choice is often guided more by the fear of being deported and less by their interests or career aspirations. In addition, due to the legal conditions young refugees often enter into vocational education and training too early and therefore often show a lack of linguistic or professional preparation for starting a training position. Although there is yet little evidence of refugees dropping out of vocational education and training, there are some indications that even the highly motivated may drop out of training, because they do not (yet) meet the training requirements. For young people with an »Ausbildungsduldung«, a dropout could even lead to a loss of their residence status. Based on the current state of research, it remains to be seen how these heteronomous influences affect young people's training trajectories. The previous research perspective has been focused primarily on the transition to vocational education and training. The intended study now focuses on the subsequent educational path of young refugees: the course of vocational education and training. Thus, the question will be investigated to what extent the »Ausbildungsduldung« has an impact on the training trajectories of refugees. Since little research has been done on the newly constructed »Ausbildungsduldung«, the study follows a qualitative explorative design, that is participatory, longitudinal, and subject-oriented. The study aims at gathering the authentic perspectives of young refugees, since there is socially and scientifically often a discourse about the vocational integration of young refugees without involving them. The study follows the research style of grounded theory. The data gathering is conducted by problem-centred interviews with refugees in training positions in Lower Saxony and Bavaria. In order to emphasize the longitudinal and participatory character of the study, the research design is complemented by an innovative videovoice approach. In order to gather their own perspectives, the young refugees are asked to record aspects of their everyday training experiences in short videos over a period of five months by using their smartphones.

在关于“公民分层”的(国际)国家研究中有一个广泛的共识，即居住身份在难民的社会和职业定位中起着至关重要的作用。目前，居住地位作为社会不平等的一个方面因所谓的“Ausbildungsdoudung”(为职业教育和培训目的而允许的居留)而进一步得到强调。根据最近的法律修改，难民可以在合格的职业培训期间获得“Ausbildungsdoudung”。对于许多居留身份尚未解决的难民来说，为了确保他们在德国的居留，他们面临着明显的时间压力，需要尽快找到一个培训职位。因此，澳大利亚人的观点对他们的职业选择有直接影响。因此，他们的职业选择往往更多地受到被驱逐出境的恐惧，而不是他们的兴趣或职业抱负。此外，由于法律条件，年轻难民往往过早进入职业教育和培训，因此往往表现出缺乏开始培训职位的语言或专业准备。虽然几乎没有难民退出职业教育和培训的证据，但有一些迹象表明，即使是积极性很高的人也可能退出培训，因为他们(还没有)达到培训要求。对于患有澳大利亚移民的年轻人来说，辍学甚至可能导致失去他们的居留身份。基于目前的研究状况，这些他律影响如何影响年轻人的训练轨迹还有待观察。以前的研究视角主要集中在向职业教育和培训的过渡。计划进行的研究现在侧重于青年难民随后的教育途径：职业教育和培训课程。因此，将调查“Ausbildungsdoudung”对难民的训练轨迹有多大影响的问题。由于对新建成的Ausbildungsduldung进行的研究很少，本研究遵循了一种定性的探索性设计，即参与性、纵向和面向主题的设计。这项研究的目的是收集年轻难民的真实观点，因为在社会和科学上经常有一种关于年轻难民职业融合的论述，而不涉及他们。本研究遵循扎根理论的研究风格。数据收集是通过对下萨克森州和巴伐利亚州培训岗位上的难民进行以问题为中心的访谈进行的。为了强调研究的纵向和参与性，研究设计辅之以创新的视听方法。为了收集自己的观点，这些年轻难民被要求使用智能手机在五个月的时间里用短视频记录他们日常训练经历的方方面面。