Studies on postharvest physiology of fruit by using the method for separation of apoplastic and syplastic solution

质外体液分离法研究果实采后生理

• 批准号: 14560018
• 负责人: MURAYAMA Hideki
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: Yamagata University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14560018/
• 关键词: apoplast; symplast; apple; watercore; sugar accumulation; Japanese persimmon; deastringency; タンニン; アポプラスト液; シンプラスト液; 糖組成; 環状剥皮; ソルビトール

First, the method for separation of apoplastic and symplastic solutions of fruit flesh was investigated. As a result, it was found to be possible by using a centrifuge.This method applied to apple fruit to clarify the mechanism of watercore development. In‘Fuji' apples, the symptom of watercore was observed 30 days before optimum harvest date, and extended as fruit ripened. Concentrations of sucrose, fructose and glucose in apoplastic solution did not significantly change throughout an experimental period, while sorbitol concentration markedly increased as fruit ripened. In symplastic solution, changes in sugar concentrations were small. In‘Yoko' and‘Orin' apples, watercore did not occurred. In these cultivars, sorbitol concentration in apoplastic solution also increased as fruit ripened, but the levels at optimum harvest date in‘Yoko' and‘Orin' apples were one forth and one fifth of that of‘Fuji' apples, respectively.Secondly, the effect of girdling treatment around the abscission lay … More er of fruit on watercore development and sugar accumulation in‘Fuji' apples was investigated. Consequently, girdling treatment suppressed the occurrence of watercore during ripening. In control fruit, sorbitol concentrations markedly increased especially in apoplastic solution as fruit ripened. In treated fruit, they did not significantly change and were low levels compared with those of control fruit. These results indicated that the accumulation of sorbitol in apoplast was involved in the development of watercore in apple fruit.Finally, the method for separation of apoplastic and symplastic solutions applied to Japanese persimmon fruit to clarify the localization of tannin and the mechanism of deastringency of fruit. Thus, tannin concentration was higher in apoplastic solution than that in symplastic solution. In addition, the bonding of tannin in apoplastic solution and acetaldehyde, which rapidly accumulated after treatment, was thought to be related to rapid destringency by CO_2 treatment in Japanese persimmon fruit. Less

首先，研究了果肉质外体和共质体溶液的分离方法。结果表明，利用离心分离机进行水心发育的研究是可行的，并将其应用于苹果果实，以阐明水心发育的机理。富士苹果水心症状出现在最佳采收期前30天，并随果实成熟而延长。在整个实验期间，质外体溶液中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖的浓度没有显著变化，而山梨醇浓度随着果实成熟而显著增加。在共质体溶液中，糖浓度的变化很小。在'Yoko'和'Orin'苹果中，没有发生水心。在这些品种中，质外体溶液中山梨醇浓度也随果实成熟而增加，但在最佳采收期，“洋子”和“奥林”苹果的山梨醇浓度分别为“富士”的1/4和1/5。 ...更多信息 研究了果实生长调节剂对‘富士’苹果水心发育和糖积累的影响。因此，环剥处理抑制了成熟过程中水心的发生。在对照果实中，山梨醇浓度显着增加，特别是在质外体溶液中，随着果实成熟。在处理果实中，它们没有显着变化，与对照果实相比，它们的水平较低。这些结果表明，山梨醇在质外体中的积累参与了苹果果实水心的形成。最后，将质外体和共质体溶液的分离方法应用于日本柿果实，以阐明单宁的定位和果实脱涩的机理。因此，单宁浓度在质外体溶液中高于共质体溶液。此外，质外体溶液中单宁与处理后迅速积累的乙醛结合，被认为与CO_2处理日本柿果实的快速脱涩有关。少