Succession and lost of UV vision in the course of fish speciation, and its adaptive vale.

鱼类、两栖动物(火蜥蜴)、爬行动物(壁虎和变色龙)、鸟类(金丝雀)和一些哺乳动物(老鼠和小鼠)利用紫外线视觉进行觅食、配偶选择和交流等基本行为(Yokyama 2000)。在第一年(H14；2002)，澄清的是，对博尔赫格列文氏Pagothenia borchgrevinki和伯氏吸虫Trematomus bernacchii的视网膜进行了检查，它们有UV锥，它们通过UV锥参与视网膜眼底的紫外线视觉(Miyazaki et al.2002)。此外，人们已经了解到有绒毛膜的Kaiwari(Carangid鱼，Kaiwarinus equula)没有紫外线视力(Takei&Somiya 2002)。在下一财年(H15；2003)，已经暗示具有空中视觉的弓形鱼(Toxotes Jaculatrix)没有参与UV视觉的UV视锥。在最后一个财政年度(H16；2004)，已经发现具有空中和水下视觉的四眼鱼(Anablep Anablep)具有UV视觉。此外，还发现该鱼在空气和水中都使用水平视觉条纹，并在条纹中观察到两个区域。然而，四眼鱼紫外线视觉的确切功能尚不清楚。四眼鱼紫外线视觉的确切功能将是未来研究的主题。

Fishes, amphibians (salamander), reptiles (gecko and chameleon), birds (canary) and some mammals (rat and mouse) use UV (ultraviolet) vision for such basic behaviors as foraging, mate selection and communications, etc. (Yokoyama 2000). At the first year (H14;2002), it was clarified that the retina of Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Trematomus bernacchii was examined, and they had UV cone by which they took part in the ultraviolet vision in the fundus retina (Miyazaki et al.2002). Moreover, it has been understood that Kaiwari (carangid fish, Kaiwarinus equula) with tapetum doesn't have UV vision (Takei & Somiya 2002). In next fiscal year (H15;2003), It has been implied that the archerfish (Toxotes jaculatrix) with air vision don't have UV cone that takes part in the UV vision. In final fiscal year (H16;2004), it has been found that the four-eyed fish (Anableps anableps) with both air and under water vision have the UV vision. Moreover, it was found that the fish use the horizontal visual streak in both air and water visions and two areas were observed in the streak. However, the exact function of the four eyed-fish UV vision was not able to be clarified. The exact function of the four eyed-fish UV vision will be the subject of future research.