A Study on Soil Erosion, Deterioration of Ecological environment in Yellow River, Yangtze River and the Agricultural Environmental Policies in China

本课题以中国西北部和长江上中游两个典型的水土流失严重区为研究对象，探讨了该区水土流失严重的现状及其自然、经济和政治原因。在这两个地区，水土流失严重是由非平原、地貌、气候等自然环境的脆弱性内生造成的。由于自然环境的脆弱性，森林资源和其他农用地应该得到保护和谨慎利用。然而，直到20世纪90年代中期，林农、农民甚至政府都没有意识到这一点的重要性，没有给予足够的重视。这其中有许多具体的原因和背景。例如，人口增加的压力，普遍缺乏森林保护意识，农业政策的错误，包括片面的粮食增产政策和政府对林草保护投入不足。

In this project, we discussed the present serious situation of the soil erosion in China and the natural, economical and political reasons, with focusing on the two typical serious areas: northwestern China and the up & mid drainage Area of Yangtze River.In these two areas, the serious soil erosion is caused endogenously by the fragility of the natural environment, such as the non-plain, geographical feature and the bad climate. For the fragility of the natural environment, forest resource and other agricultural lands should be protected and be used carefully. However, foresters, farmers and even the governments did not realize the importance and did not pay enough attention to them until the middle 1990s. There are many specific reasons and backgrounds for this. For example, the pressure of the increasing large population, an universal lack of forest-protection consciousness, and the mistakes of the agricultural policies included the one-sided grain production boosting policy and insufficient government investments in forest and pasture protection.