STUDY ON INFECTIOUS ROUTE OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS FROM MUCOSA TO NERVOUS TISSUES

单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)首先感染粘膜和皮肤的鳞状细胞上皮，然后在初次感染时侵入上皮下组织的周围神经纤维。此后，HSV通过神经纤维上升到中枢神经系统(CNS)的神经元胞体。在中枢神经系统，单纯疱疹病毒在宿主免疫反应的作用下处于潜伏状态。在这项研究中，我们重点研究了HSV从鳞状细胞上皮到神经纤维的感染途径，并与脊髓灰质炎病毒的感染途径进行了比较，因为病毒受体的使用类似。对这些小鼠的表现和组织病理学变化进行了检查。此外，还包括。我们还研究了病毒感染的上皮期、上皮下期和神经期的即刻早期蛋白(US1)的表达以及宿主免疫反应。通过对接种HSV-2的小鼠福尔马林固定的石蜡切片中US1表达的免疫组织化学检测，我们成功地定位了早期感染的细胞，在细胞核中检测到US1抗原。从这一分析中，我们可以证明HSV-2在雪旺细胞和神经节细胞周围的卫星细胞中感染。此外，脊髓白质后柱无明显细胞破坏的雪旺细胞感染对考虑HSV-2脑膜炎的发病机制具有重要意义。进一步研究，可以揭示HSV-1和HSV-2在黏膜感染后的差异。

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) initially infects the, squamous cell epithelium of mucosa and skin, then, invade the peripheral nervous fibers in the subepithelial tissues at primary infection. Thereafter, HSV ascends through the nerve fibers to the soma of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). In CNS HSV becomes to fall in a latent condition by host immune response. In this study we focused on the route of HSV infection from the squamous cell epithelium to the nervous fibers, in comparison with that of poliovirus because of similar usage of virus receptors.Various strains of HSV-2 including US2-deleted and its revertant recombinants, were inoculated on the corneal and vaginal surface of BALB/c mice. These mice were examined for their manifestations and histopathological changes. In addition, the. expression of immediate early protein (US1) was also investigated with respect to epithelial, subepithelial and nervous stages of viral infection and host immune responses.By immunohistochemical detection of US1 expression in formalin-fixed paraffin sections of HSV-2 inoculated mice, we have succeeded to orient the early infected cells, in which US1 antigen was detected in their nuclei. From this analysis we could demonstrate HSV-2 infection, in Schwann cells and satellite cells around the ganglion cells. In addition, the infection in Schwann cells without marked cellular destruction in the posterior column in the white matter of spinal cord is important to consider the pathogenesis of HSV-2 meningitis. Further study, we can reveal the difference of HSV-1 and HSV-2 after mucosal infection.