Lexical change in motion: Motion verbs and motion lexicalization from medieval to modern Romance

该研究项目的重点是在两个浪漫的语言，法语和意大利语的运动词汇化的变化模式，并将研究在何种程度上可以解释这些变化的库存中的运动动词的变化。该项目将特别侧重于动词粒子结构和使用的方式运动动词与路径卫星，这两个是典型的“动词框架”的罗曼语。这两种语言在调查中显示出不同的历史发展：虽然“卫星框架”结构在两种语言的中世纪变体中普遍存在，但它们在现代法语中普遍消失，但在现代意大利语中保留下来。根据Yang（2016），我认为一个特定规则或结构在一类词素上的生产力来自于“足够”数量的词素，这些词素为规则的存在提供了积极的证据，这里的“足够”指的是宽容和充分原则给出的临界阈值。语言的变化来自于输入结构的变化;更具体地说，来自于所获得的运动动词的库存和运动词汇化结构（MLCs）的变化。此外，双语者可以通过词汇借用来影响输入的结构，从而改变接收语言中特定类别的词汇项目的库存，并通过扩展在接收语言中非生产性但在源语言中生产性的规则和结构。总体而言，该项目将探讨以下研究问题：（1）在何种程度上的变化，在库存的运动动词在一种语言中的相关性，以证实变化的MLCs？(2)双语使用者在多大程度上负责以接受语言开发和推广多语言社区？总之，研究问题解决SILPAC的四个关键特征，研究类似语言变化的不同阶段。问题2侧重于双语者作为变革推动者的作用（关键特征2），负责启动电子语言的变化，最终导致未来母语使用者输入的变化（关键特征1）。问题1更具体地关注词汇变化对运动动词论元结构的影响（关键特征3），使用Yang的容忍原则（TP）作为学习模型来评估这些影响（关键特征4）。

The research project focuses on changing patterns of motion lexicalization in two Romance languages, French and Italian, and will examine the extent to which these changes can be accounted for by changes in the inventory of motion verbs. The project will focus in particular on verb–particle constructions and the use of Manner of motion verbs with a Path satellite, both of which are atypical in “verb-framed” Romance languages. The two languages under investigation show differing historical developments: while “satellite-framed” structures are prevalent in medieval varieties of both languages, they have generally been lost in modern French but retained in modern Italian. Following Yang (2016), I consider that the productivity of a particular rule or construction across a class of lexemes results from a “sufficient” number of lexemes providing positive evidence for the rule’s existence, with “sufficient” here referring to thecritical thresholds given by the Tolerance and Sufficiency Principles. Language change follows from changes in the structure of the input; more specifically, from changes in the inventory of motion verbs acquired and the motion-lexicalization constructions (MLCs) in which they are attested. Moreover, bilingual speakers can affect the structure of the input both by lexical borrowing, thereby changing the inventory of lexical items in a particular class in the recipient language, and through the extension of rules and constructions which are unproductive in the recipient language but productive in the source language. Overall, the project will investigate the following research questions: (1) To what extent does change in the inventory of motion verbs in a language correlate with attested changes in MLCs? (2) To what extent are bilingual speakers responsible for the development and the extension of MLCs in a recipient language? Together, the research questions address the four key features of SILPAC, examining different stages of similar linguistic changes. Question 2 focuses on the role of bilinguals as agents of change (key feature 2), responsible for initiating changes in E-language which ultimately cause changes in the input to future L1 speakers (key feature 1). Question 1 focuses more specifically on the effects that changes in the lexicon have on the argument structure of motion verbs (key feature 3), using Yang’s Tolerance Principle (TP) as a learning model to evaluate these effects (key feature 4).