Effects of fabric air permeability, open apertures and fit on clothing ventilation in some body regions during light work

当衣服小气候湿度增加时，穿着者的舒适性会降低。我们的研究表明，在不同的出汗率下，服装小气候的通风率与其蒸汽浓度呈负相关，说明了通过服装面料和缝隙通风以保持穿着者舒适性的重要性。此外，利用试验性测量系统测量了人体部分区域的换气率，并在站立和行走、有和没有空气流动四种情况下考察了服装的透气性、开孔和合身(紧/松)对服装通风的影响。结果表明，服装通风受风和身体运动的影响，背部、上臂和腿部通过提高面料的透气性来增加服装的通风量，上肢通过松散的贴合来增加服装的透气性，躯干和上肢通过颈部、裙子和手腕袖口的开口来增加服装的通风量。提出了一种有效通风的服装设计评价方法，该方法采用“所需通风量”的计算方法：理想的通风量可以将身体某一区域产生的所有汗液从皮肤排出到衣服外部，从而保持皮肤的低湿度和保持舒适。为此，需要了解不同工作情况下的区域出汗率，这是不切实际的。因此，我们从一系列30分钟运动试验的结果中推导出描述局部出汗率为全身出汗率的公式。当总出汗率根据运动期间的总体体重减少量进行估计时，利用这些公式可以很容易地获得用于计算所需通气量的区域出汗率。

Wearer comfort decreases when the humidity in the clothing microclimate increases. Our research demonstrated an inverse relationship between the ventilation rate of the clothing microclimate and its vapor concentration for various sweat rates, demonstrating the importance of ventilation through fabrics and apertures of the clothing in order to keep the wearer comfortable.Furthermore, the air exchange rate was measured in some body regions using a trial measuring system, and the effects of fabric air permeability, open apertures and fit (tight/loose) of clothes on clothing ventilation were examined under four conditions : standing and walking, with and without air movement. The results indicated that clothing ventilation is modified by wind and body movement and that clothing ventilation was increased in the back, upper arms and legs region by the improvement of fabric air permeability, in the upper and lower limbs by a loose fit, and in the trunk and upper limbs region by openings at neck, skirt, and wrist cuffs.An evaluation method was proposed for the design of clothes with efficient ventilation, which uses the calculation of "required ventilation" : the ideal amount of ventilation by which all sweat produced in a certain body region could be removed from the skin to the outside of the clothes, hence keeping skin humidity low and maintaining comfort. For this purpose knowledge of regional sweat rates in different work situations is required, which is impractical to determine. Therefore we deduced equations describing regional sweat rate as fraction of whole body sweat rate from a series of results of 30-minute exercise tests. The regional sweat rate for calculating required ventilation can easily be obtained by means of these formulas when the total sweat rate is estimated according to overall weight loss during exercise.